Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of arch greenhouse cultivation measures under the technique of "dry sowing and wet emergence" on the emergence rate, growth process, and growth mechanism of cotton. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted in Hailou Town, Shaya County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2023.The experiment was performed with two factors: sowing time and greenhouse cultivation.The conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence" was used as the control, with a total of four experimental treatments, namely: sowing time on April 7th and April 13th (April 13th is the local field sowing date).At the same sowing time, two cultivation management methods were used: "dry sowing and wet emergence"+greenhouse and conventional "dry sowing and wet emergence".Afterwards, the response characteristics under different treatments were analyzed such as air temperature, soil water heat salt, cotton emergence rate, growth indicators, and physiological characteristics under different treatments. 【Results】 The temperature inside the greenhouse was higher than the atmospheric temperature under the treatment of "dry sowing and wet discharge" and "arched shed".In the 0-40 cm soil layer, as the soil layer deepened, the warming effect of the arch shed gradually slowed down.Compared with the conventional "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment, the average soil moisture content in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 1.57% to 2.16%, and the average soil moisture content in the 20-40 cm soil layer increased by 0.46% to 2.11%.Moreover, the electrical conductivity of the 0-40 cm layers of soil treated with "dry sowing and wet discharge" and arched shed was lower than that of the "dry sowing and wet discharge" treatment.The height, stem diameter, and aboveground dry matter accumulation of cotton plants treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were significantly higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" (P<0.05).The chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of cotton treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence" and arched shed were 12.11%-14.29% and 32.74%-41.68% higher than those treated with "dry sowing and wet emergence", respectively. 【Conclusion】 Arched shed treatment can increase surface soil temperature, improve soil water retention capacity, reduce soil salt content, increase cotton emergence rate, promote cotton plant height, stem diameter, aboveground dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index growth, which is conducive to cotton photosynthesis.In addition, early sowing has a significant promoting effect on cotton growth.