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Dynamic Changes and Simulation Model of Plant Height of Cotton WANG Le;WU Yang-huan;LI Jie;YANG Ping;CHAI Shun-xi;CHEN Rui;MA Fu-yu 2017, 54(3): 393-402.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1517KB) ( )   [Objective] This study aims to make preliminary understanding of the relationship between relative growing degree days(GDD)and the relative plant height of different cotton varieties in order to provide theoretical reference for relative effective temperature monitoring of cotton plant height change by using the normalization method and clustering analysis through varieties tests.[Method]In this study,the experiment used 29 varieties which are widely planted in Xinjiang.The height of cotton plant was measured by fixed points and fixed plants for every 7 days starting from the three-leaf stage;and the meteorological data of the same year was obtained from Shihezi Meteorological Bureau.[Result]The result showed that the relative height of the cotton plant changed consistently with relative GDD in spite of different varieties.Here we established three categories of simulation model about plant height based on relative GDD: Y=a/(1+exp(b-cX))1d.Among these,the class I(from 3-leaf stage(relative plant height value was less than 0.14)to 11-leaf stage(relative plant height value was less than 0.7),the growth rate of plant height was slow): Y=0.997/(1+exp(26.08-33.62X))1/8.66(r=0.997,6);The class II(from 3-leaf stage(relative plant height value between 0.14-0.18)to 11-leaf stage(relative plant height value between 0.7 to 0.8),the growth rate of plant height was fast): Y=0.997/(1+exp(26.09-28.65X))1/8.41(r=0.996,7).The class III(from 3-leaf stage(relative plant height value was greater than 0.18)to 11-leaf stage(relative plant height was greater than 0.8),the growth rate of plant height was superbly fast): Y=1.02/(1+exp(8.55-12.68X))1/3.25(r=0.997,3).We tested the mode and the results showed that the value of RMSE was 1.699,8 cm,indicating that the error between simulated and observed values was relatively small.[Conclusion]Therefore,Richards function can effectively predict the changes of plant height in cotton.But the comprehensive factors such as light,temperature driven cotton plant height simulation model still need further study.

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Effects of Different Temperatures on Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Different Genotypes of Cotton Leaves XING Shuang-tao;LI Zhi-bo;TANG Li-kui;ZHANG Rui-hai;WEI Yi-nong 2017, 54(3): 403-408.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1182KB) ( )   [Objective] This study aims to investigate the differences of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic parameters between different genotypes of cotton under different temperatures and to provide a theoretical basis to screen suitable indexes for evaluating high temperature-tolerance of cotton varieties.[Method]Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic parameters in leaves of cotton seedlings of four different genotypes(13-1 strain,Xinhai 24,13-1×Xinhai 24 hybrid,13-1×Xinhai 14 hybrid)were determined by rapid fluorescence detector(Handy PEA-100)under 25℃,30℃,35℃,40℃,45℃ and 48℃ respectively.[Result]The performance index of PIABS,maximum photochemical Fv/Fm and electron transfer yield φEo increased at first and decreased subsequently as the temperature increased,the heat dissipation DIO/CSO,initial fluorescence FO was on the contrary.PIABS performance index between the four different genotypes of strains was extremely significant at 40℃,and it could more accurately reflect photosynthetic status than Fv/Fm.[Conclusion]Using the method of subordinate function to analyze the four different genotypes,it is found that 13-1×Xinhai 24(hybrid)has the highest subordinate function value,and we believe that it belongs to heat resistant strains.

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Prediction of SPAD Value of Cotton Leaf at Different Temperatures Leaves Based on Spectral Analysis FU Yan-bo;WANG Zhi-guo;GENG Gin-long;QI Ying-ying;MENG A-jing;RAO Xiao-juan;FENG Yao-zu 2017, 54(3): 409-416.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1250KB) ( )   [Objective] To understand the effect of different temperatures on the SPAD value of cotton leaves,the SPAD value of leaf was retrieved by hyperspectral data during the blossoming and boll-forming period.[Method]The statistical methods,such as the correlation analysis and linear regression,were used to analyze the relationship between SPAD value,original spectra,first-order differential spectra and hyperspectral parameters.[Result]It was shown that the SPAD and original spectral reflectivity of the leaf would decrease with the rising temperature.The SPAD value was correlated to the original spectra,first-order differential spectra and hyperspectral parameters.After the overall comparison of correlation coefficient,adjusted R2 and the optimization of mean relative error,the optimal estimation mode for the SPAD value,original spectra,first-order differential spectra and hyperspectral parameters were built,with the correlation coefficient being 0.81,0.857 and 0.833,the adjusted R2 being 0.747,0.844 and 0.824 as well as the mean relative error being 9.12;,5.78;and 7.72;.The model built through the combination of the first-order differential spectra 671 nm and 683 nm(Y=50.487 X683-131.617 X671+36.777)can achieve the highest accuracy in predicting the SPAD value,followed by the hyperspectral parameter and original spectra.[Conclusion]As shown by the experimental results,the hyperspectral sensing information can provide the theoretical basis for predicting the SPAD value for the cotton leaf during the blossoming and boll-forming period.

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Studies on the Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Flour Resistant Starch LIN Jing;YUAN Hui-gong;ZHOU Ying;LI Wei-hua;WANG Lin;ZHANG Dong-hai 2017, 54(3): 417-422.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1205KB) ( )   [Objective] For a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties of resistant starch,the development prospect of its application in food processing.[Method]This research adopted the hot press preparation of wheat resistant starch,and the analysis of its enzymatic resistance,acid resistance,water retention,hygroscopicity,emulsion stability,viscosity,iodine absorption properties and other physical and chemical properties.[Result]Through the study of the physicochemical properties of resistant starch,the results showed that the water holding capacity of RS was 134.2;higher than that of raw starch.The swelling power,emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability were decreased by 5.34;,3.44;and 15.04;,respectively.The peak viscosity of starch decreased with the increase of resistant starch content in the samples.The maximum absorption wavelength of resistant starch and raw starch was in the range of 570 nm to 580 nm,and the degree of polymerization was not significant.[Conclusion]Wheat resistant starch water holding capacity,swelling power,emulsification and emulsion stability have a greater degree of reduction than the raw starch,and the practical application might consider adding modifier to improve the side effects of resistant starch produced.Wheat resistant starch has low viscosity so it can be used as food thickener.

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Effect Analysis of Traits of Peanuts Planted in Different Spans from Walnut Trunks YU BO-cheng;XIAO Ying;CHEN Jiang-qing;ZHANG Zhi-meng 2017, 54(3): 423-428.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   [Objective] The fruits and melons produced in Xinjiang enjoy great prestige all over our country.The fruit tree planting area is about one-third of the total arable land in this region.There is more than six hundred thousand hectare faming land which needs to be efficiently utilized in the fruit-bearing forest.Peanut interplanting with the fruit trees is one of the effective ways to make use of the cultivated land.[Method]Data gotten from the test of the peanut variety Huayu 31 planted under walnut trees were analyzed by using statistical software DPS and regularity and tendency of 8 traits expression were analyzed when peanuts had been planted in different spans from the trunk of the walnut trees.[Result]The results of analysis showed that there was difference among the 8 traits when peanuts were planted in different spans and the variable coefficient was 3.16;-47.60; and the variation of the yield per plant was the largest.The bigger of phenotypic values of 5 traits,the larger span from the trunk was,the more significant correlation would be.[Conclusion]With the farther distance from the trunk,phenotypic values of most of the traits will increase accordingly,among which,the increase of the yield per plant was the most obvious.Peanut should be planted in suitable place from trunks under fruit trees and the type of fruit-bearing forest should be chosen carefully and row spacing of fruit trees should be wide enough when peanuts are interplanted with them.

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Study on the Optimal Cultural Conditions for Pollen Viability of Seed-Watermelon LIN Ming;LI Chun-yan;BAI Xiao-shan;PAN Jing-hai;CHEN You-qiang;LIU Hua-jun;DENG Chao-hong;WANG Juan;LI Cheng-ye 2017, 54(3): 429-433.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1089KB) ( )   [Objective] Through the culture of seed-watermelon pollen,the effects of different concentrations of sucrose and boric acid as basic liquid medium at different culture temperatures and in different culture time on pollen germination in vitro are studied.[Method]In this project,the optimum culture medium was used to carry out in vitro culture at 6 temperature levels and at 4 time levels.[Result]When the culture temperature was 25-30,the highest pollen viability was obtained,and the optimal medium formula was: 15;sucrose,0.01;boric acid and 1;agar.[Conclusion]With the increased temperature,the germinal rates of pollen and the length of pollen tube were increased;when the temperature reached up to 30℃,the pollen germination rates and pollen length were both decreased.In addition,the germination rate and pollen length were increased by being cultured for 4 hours,and then the length was no longer increased after being cultured 6 hours at room temperature.

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Effects of Dust on the Biochemical Characteristics of Walnut Female and Male Flowers FANG Miao;CHEN Hong;PAN Cun-de 2017, 54(3): 434-441.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1691KB) ( )   [Objective] To study the activities of SOD,POD,and the contents of MDA and proline in male and female flowers of walnut under different amounts of dust,the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of flowering dust on the biochemical characteristics of walnut flower organs,and deepen the understanding of the effect of dust on the flower organs of walnut in the southern Xinjiang basin.[Method]With Juglans regia'Wen185'as the experimental material,The control plant was set up by using the male and female artificial dustproof bagging and artificial simulation different levels of dust on the plants were used as the experimental treatments to analyze the effect of dust on male and female floral organ.[Result]Compared with the control,all the treatments of artificial simulation different levels of dust could increase the activities of SOD and POD and the content of proline in the male and female flowers.During the flowering of the female flowers,the difference of the activities of SOD and POD,and the contents of MDA and proline in all the treatments reached significant level(P<0.05)or extremely significant level(P<0.01).During the flowering of male flowers,the difference of the activity of SOD and POD,and the content of MDA and proline of all the treatments reached significant level(P<0.01),except the SOD and proline in male flowers at the beginning of flowering.[Conclusion]During the flowering of walnut,dust could increase the activity of SOD and POD and the content of proline and MDA in walnut male and female flower,thus adversely affecting the flower organs of walnut.

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Salinity-alkalinity Tolerance of Different Hami Melon Cultivars at Germination Stage HAN Hong-wei;SHE Jian-hua;WANG Qiang;ZHUANG Hong-mei;HU Bai-wen;FENG Hong-ying;WANG Hao 2017, 54(3): 442-451.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1435KB) ( )   [Objective] This study aims to research the effects of salinity-alkalinity stress on the seed germinations of Xinjiang Hami melon and screen out the most salt-tolerant varieties for the layout in Xinjiang.[Method]This experiment set five salinity-alkalinity stress,which were respectively 0(CK),25,50,75 and 100 mmol/L;The seeds of Hami melon were treated under salinity-alkalinity stress and the seeds germination rate,germination potential,germination index,vitality index were measured.[Result]With the increase of salinity stress concentration,the seed germinations parameters of Hami melon showed downtrend trend.The germination index,germination rate,germination index and vigor index were significantly different among varieties under saline alkali stress.The order of experimental Hami melon varieties from strong to weak was Xinmi 13 > Xinmi 28 > Hongmicui > Xinjiashi 2 > Xinmi 7 > 905-1 > Jinli2 > Nongmi 9 >Xinmi 43 > Lupi 9818 > Jiashigua > Xinmiza 11 >Xinmi31 > Xizhoumi 25 > Chunxiao 2 > Xinmi 24 > Lvbaoshi.[Conclusion]The seed germination rate,germination potential,germination index and root damage rate may serve as indicators to appraise salinity-alkalinity tolerance of Hami melon at germination stage.The salinity-alkalinity tolerance of Xinmi 13 is the strongest among the experimental Hami melon varieties,and Xinmi 28 takes the second place.The salinity-alkalinity tolerances of different varieties have significant differences.The Xinmi 13 and Xinmi 28 are the preferred varieties for the saline-alkali area.

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Annual Variation Study of Mineral Nutrient Contents in the Leaves of Korla Pear ZHU Hai-feng;MA Jian-jiang;LIU Yan;ZHAO Juan-juan;WANG Gang;LU Xiao-yan 2017, 54(3): 452-459.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1214KB) ( )   [Objective] The objective of this experiment is to measure temporal variations in the leaf mineral nutrient contents of Korla pear in order to make fertilizer recommendations in the region.[Method]Eighteen Korla pear orchards were divided into three groups based on yield:(i)low-yielding orchards,(ii)medium-yielding orchards,and(iii)high-yielding orchards.The leaf samples were collected every 15 d between April 28 and Sept 23 in 2015.The contents of N,P,K,Ca,Mg were detected during the annual growth cycle of different yield Korla pear orchard using leaf analysis method.[Result]Contents of N,P and K leaf declined from April 28 to September 23 in low-yielding,medium yielding and high-yielding orchard,and contents of Ca,Mg leaf increased.N content and P content,respectively,in May 28 and June 12 as the dividing line,during the early stage,it declined rapidly and declined slowly later;K content in June 12 as the dividing line,rose slowly during the early stage and declined rapidly in the latter period;Leaf K contents rose slowly until June 12 and then declined rapidly.Leaf Ca contents rose rapidly until July 18 and then declined slowly.Leaf Mg contents rose slowly until June 12 and then rose and declined slowly,and then declined slowly during the rest of the growing season.The annual mean value of K content in the leaves of high yield orchard was higher than that in medium and low yield orchards;the annual mean values of N,P and Ca contents in the leaves of the medium yield orchard were higher than those of the other twos;the annual mean value of Mg content in the leaves of low yield orchard was higher than that of the other twos.The results of correlation analysis showed that the pear leaf P contents,leaf Ca contents were both positively correlated with yield in September 10.Mg content in May 14,June 27,September 23 average daily and yield was extremely negatively correlated.[Conclusion]In Korla area,the content of N and P in the leaves of Korla pear planted in high,medium and low yield orchards were respectively on May 28 and June 12 as the dividing line,and the early consumption was larger;K and Ca contents were respectively on June 12,July 28 as the dividing line,and the later consumption was larger;the consumption of Mg was greater after August 27.In the actual production,according to the change rule of the requirement of each mineral element in different periods,combined with the correlation between the element and the yield garden,the fertilization is reasonable,and the purpose of high yield and high quality cultivation has been achieved.

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Protecting Effects of Various Protective Agent Treatments on Overwintering Sweet Cherry Treelet Shoots Shrivelings in Turpan Area LIANG Zhi;YAN Xue-chao;XIE Fa-bing 2017, 54(3): 460-469.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1735KB) ( )   [Objective] In this article,the protecting effects of sweet cherry sapling from shoot shrivelling among various protective agent treatments in Turpan area were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving sweet cherry sapling survival rate after winter in this area.[Method]3 years old'Bin-ku with Mahari'and'Yan-yang with Mahari'shoot and stock combination as materials,setting 4 protective agent treatments: Fang-chou-bao,Jing fang-yi-hao,methylcellulose and poval,using no-treatment as CK,altogether there were 10 treatments with two varieties.The water content(total water content,free water content and bond water content)in annual shoots with various treatments during winter period was determined,the value of'bond water content/free water content'was calculated and the shoot shriveling rate and index were investigated.Furthermore,the hydraulic force of excised branches in vitro was determined by laboratory test.[Result]The results showed that in Turpan area,the shoot shriveling resistance ability was related to varieties,Yan-yang was better than Bin-ku.All protect agents that we had used resulted in good protect effects,isolated shoots with all protective agents had high water-holding capacity.Water loss rate reduced with all protecting treatments during winter,the bond water content and the value of'bond water content/free water content'were enhanced with all protect treatments,shoot shriveling rate and index obviously decreased with all protect treatments after winter.Protecting effect from high to low in turn was Fang-chou-bao,Jing fang-yi-hao,methylcellulose and poval.Early to middle February is the critical period of shoot shriveling in Turpan.[Conclusion]In Turpan area,the sweet cherry variety Yan-yang have good shoot shriveling resistance and the application of protective agent during winter time can effectively reduce the shoot shriveling rate and strip index of sweet cherry.Among them,Fang-chou-bao and Jing fang-yi-hao have quite good protecting effect.

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Iris germanica L.Seedlings Breeding Technology Research LIAO Qing;BAI Nan;Marbaha Wsman;SHA Hong;HAN Hong-wei;LIAO Zhi-li 2017, 54(3): 470-478.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1098KB) ( )   [Objective] Through conventional tissue culture propagation technology of the 4 new introduced varieties of German iris: Edith Wolford,Going My WaY,Red Zinger and October Sun,this project aims to explore the effective way of Iris germanica conventional and tissue culture in the hope of providing reliable technical support for the production of German iris seedlings propagation.[Method]In different seasons(spring and autumn),the survival rate,germination rate and effects on flowering with division propagation were studied about the four German irises,meanwhile the best hormone levels of explant induction,transgenerational and rooting medium were studied,and the rapid propagation system of each type was established.[Result]Using German irises of conventional breeding,the optimal points strains breeding time was after or before the start of root activity,after the fall dormancy or before the spring bud.2-3 shoots were transplanted in ramets.The effect of single plant transplanting on plant flowering was large,and flowering rate was low.The ramets with 5 buds were better than those with 3 buds,when German iris tissue culture propagation was carried out,its flower stems were used as explants and we could obtain directly adventitious bud on induction medium MS +BA 3.0-4.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,multiplication medium was MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L,with buds of 4-5,the propagation rate was more than 300;;rooting medium was 1/2 MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L with buds of 4-5,15 d vaccination,the rooting rate was 100;;The imported transplanting substrate was the best,and the transplanting survival rate can reach up to 100;.[Conclusion]Using German irises for conventional breeding,was after the fall dormancy or before the spring bud.2-3 shoots were transplanted in ramets.The effect of single plant transplanting on plant flowering was large,and flowering rate was low.When German iris tissue culture propagation was being carried on,we obtained directly adventitious bud on induction medium MS +BA 3.0-4.0 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L,using stem section of flower organs as explant,multiplication medium was MS + BA 1.0 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L,the propagation rate was more than 300;;rooting medium was 1/2 MS + NAA 0.5 mg/L;transplanting substrate to import crude plant was the best,and transplanting survival rate can reach up to 100;.

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Studies on the Control Effect of Ultra-Low Volume Aerial Spray Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Against the Corn Borer 2017, 54(3): 479-488.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1213KB) ( )   [Objective] To study the control effects of Pyrausta nubilalis and evaluating economic benefit by ultra-low volume spraying by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)in fields in the hope of providing guidance for developing high-efficiency flight control technology which might be scientific,reasonable and suitable for Xinjiang practical production.[Method]By comprehensive consideration of factors including control effect,retrieved yield loss,insecticide cost input,net benefit and input-output ratio in fields,systemic evaluation of different kinds of chemical treatment was provided for optimal pesticide and dosage in flight control for Pyrausta nubilalis in Xinjiang desert and oasis ecological zone.[Result]34;spinetoram and methoxy-fenozide(Sipinnuo)at dosage of 450.0 mL/hm2 was the best in the control effect,retrieved yield loss and input-output ratio,which were up to 6,050.85 kg/hm2,9,264.30 yuan/hm2 and 1:20.62,respectively;The second one that produced better result was avermectin and cholorantraniliprole(Langat)at dosage of 600 mL/hm2,control effect,retrieved yield loss and input-output ratio,which were up to 84.18;,6,041.25 kg/hm2,9,219.0 yuan/hm2 and 1:20.62,90 mL/hm2,8,368.5 yuan/hm2 and 1:28.76,respectively.In addition,the addition of special agents for flight control improved the effectiveness of the field control up to 27.58;.[Conclusion]Optimal use of insecticcdes and the dosage of corresponding insecticide in practical production was proposed as follows: 34;spinetoram and methoxyfenozide(Sipinnuo)SC 450.0 mL/hm2,avermectin and cholrantraniliprode(Laangat)SC 600.0 mL/hm2,20;chlorantranili prole(Coragen)SC 90 mL/hm2,45;emanectin benzoate and lufenuron(Pukemeng)water dispersidble granules 225.0 g/hm2,and special agents for flight control should be added simultaneously.

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Pathogenicity Comparison between Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium moniliforme with Their Respective Isolate Pathogens in Cotton Belt in the South of Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang ZHOU Yang;WU Qiong;LIU Meng-li;BAI Jian-yu;LI Jin;LEI Bin;GUO Qing-yuan 2017, 54(3): 489-496.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1130KB) ( )   [Objective] Cotton Rhizoctoniosis and red rot disease are two main seedling diseases in Xinjiang cotton area.In order to obtain a strong pathogenic strain,this project aims to screen resistant varieties and disease control agents against the two diseases.[Method]In this project,30 Rhizoctonia solani and 30 Fusarium moniliforme isolated from cotton fields in south of Tianshan Mountains were used to conduct the comparative study on the pathogenicity of the susceptible cultivars(Jimian 11)after artificial inoculation.[Result]The comparison results showed that: There were significant differences in pathogenicity among the two pathogens strains;There were 8 strong pathogenic strains among the 30 Rhizoctonia solani strains,accounting for 26.7;of the total;There were 6 strong pathogenic strains among the 30 Fusarium moniliforme strains,accounting for 20;of the total;The pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani was significantly higher than that of Fusarium moniliforme among the two pathogenic strains;There were significant differences in pathogenicity with the strains derived from different areas in the two pathogens;In the four cotton areas of southern Xinjiang,a strain pathogenic force derived from Bazhou cotton area was relatively virulent,and virulence strain derived from Kezhou cotton areas was relatively weak;There were significant differences in pathogenicity among different strains of the same pathogen in the same area.[Conclusion]The pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani is significantly higher than Fusarium moniliforme in the cotton belt in the south of Tianshan Mountains and there are significant differences in pathogenicity among the two pathogens and various source strains derived from different areas.

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Molecular Detection of Stripe Rust-Resistant Genes in Main Wheat Varieties (Lines) from Xinjiang BAI Wei-wei;GAO Hai-feng;ZHANG Hang;LEI Jun-jie;GAO Yong-hong;Liu En-liang;LI Guang-kuo 2017, 54(3): 497-504.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1177KB) ( )   [Objective] The major purpose of the study is to make sure the distribution of stripe rust-resistant genes Yr10 and 1BL/1RS translocation in wheat cultivars or breeding lines in Xinjiang.[Method]Forty six wheat cultivars and breeding lines collected from Xinjiang wheat areas were tested by using molecular markers of stripe rust-resistant genes Yr10 and 1BL/1RS translocation.[Result]Yr10 was only detected in Xindong No.17 and 1BL/1RS was detected in Xindong No.24,Xindong No.46,MJ307,HMJ555,1112,Xinzi No.1,983-S,Xinmai 211 and Xinmai 23,which accounted for 19.57;among the total testing materials.[Conclusion]The distribution of Yr10 which demonstrates good resistance to CYR32 is low in Xinjiang wheat region cultivars,and Xindong No.17 which may contain Yr10 has certain value in breeding disease resistance materials,which shows that the distribution frequency of 1BL/1RS translocation should be reduced when breeding new varieties.

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Straw Storage Effects on the Pupation and Eclosion of Overwintering Larvae of Corn Borer XIE Yu-mei;LIU Fang-hui;DING Xin-hua;LI Cui-mei;FU Kai-yun;HE Jiang;Tursun Ahmat;Abdureyim Abdurexit;LI Peng-fa;XU Jian-jun;GUO Wen-chao 2017, 54(3): 505-512.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1582KB) ( )   [Objective] Through the research on the effects of different storage methods on the pupation and eclosion development of overwintering larvae,the project aims to explore providing a kind of reasonable method for storing maize straws in Xinjiang,which might reduce the amount of overwintering larvae.[Method] Through comparison and analysis of the amount of overwintering larvae in 100 plants,pupation rate,emergence rate and mortality by different stroage methods(standing,stacking,sealing),in order to put forward a kind of reasonable storage method of maize straw.[Result]Synthetically considering the data of 2014,2015 for two consecutive years showed that: The average number of live overwintering larvae in 100 plants,live pupa number in 100 plants,pupation rate,emergence rate and mortality under sealing were reduced by 59.58;and 43.52;,90.21;and 92.33;,19.87;and 17.99;,13.77;and 11.79;,which compared with standing and stacking respectively,and its average mortality rate was increased by 39.78;and 39.78;respectively.[Conclusion]The average number of live overwintering larvae in 100 plants,live pupa number in 100 plants,pupation rate,emergence rate and mortality under sealing were all significantly greater than those of standing and stacking(P<0.05);The sealing treatment can increase partly the total mortality of overwintering corn borer,and reduce its pupation rate.So in actual production,the maize straw is not recommended to wintering in the form of standing treatment and preferred to sealing treatment,which can reduce its overwintering larvae survival and emergence rate.

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Identification of Pathogens Causing Bacterial Spot Disease on Pleurotus Ferulae (Pleurotus.Eryngii var.ferulae) in Xinjiang LUO Ying;GUAN Yong-qiang;JIA Pei-song;Nerziya Yalimaimaiti;HAO Jing-zhe;JIA Wen-jie;WEI Peng 2017, 54(3): 513-519.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1295KB) ( )   [Objective] The objective of this study is to identify the pathogens that cause bacterial spot disease of Pleurotus ferulae in Xinjiang.[Method]The causal agents were identified by colony characterization,pathogenicity test,16S rDNA sequence analyses,sequence homology comparison,and biochemical characterization tests.[Result]Nineteen bacterial isolates were isolated from diseased samples of Pleurotus ferulae.Through pathogenicity test,eight tested isolates caused typical symptoms of bacterial spot disease on the healthy fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ferulae.Based on pathogenicity test,and combined with the results of 16S rDNA sequence analyses,sequence homology comparison,biochemical and molecular characterization,eight isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp.[Conclusion]The bacterial spot disease on Pleurotus ferulae in Xinjiang is incited by Pseudomonas spp.

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Contents and Availability of Trace Elements in Orchard Soil in Wensu County of Xinjiang WU Xiang-lin;YAN Jing;DOU Xiao-jing;LAI Ning;FU Yan-bo;CHEN Shu-huang;WANG Xin-yong;WANG Zhi-guo 2017, 54(3): 520-527.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1156KB) ( )   [Objective] By measuring effective state content of the trace elements Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn and B in orchard soils in Wensu County of Xinjiang,this project aims to make clear the trace elements distribution in this area and explore the correlation of effective state of soil trace element content,soil organic matter content and pH,and perfomr effectiveness evaluation of the soil.[Method]In 2015 year,through the sample investigation of forest fruit in about 0.8 million mu area in Wensu County,140 samples from 1,300 sample points were chosen according to the fruit distribution,tree-age and soil characteristics to determine the effective content of trace elements Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn and B,and also,the effectiveness evaluation of trace elements in this area was carried out.[Result]The results showed that:the average contents of effective Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn and B were 1.5,12.0,2.2,4.9 and 0.9 mg/kg in the orchard soil trace element of Wensu County.The content of effective Cu,Fe and Zn were rich,effective B was moderate,effective Mn was extremely scarce.Among them,the soil trace element Cu,Fe,Mn and B belonged to medium variation,trace element Zn belonged to strong variations.Orchard soil effective content of Cu,Fe and Mn were very significantly positively correlated with organic matter content(P =0.000 < 0.01)in Wensu County.The content of effective Cu and pH value were of extremely significant positive correlation(P=0.003 < 0.01).According to the evaluation index of soil effective trace element in the orchard soil of Wensu County,element contents Cu,Fe and B content were extremely rich,Zn and Mn contents were relatively poor.The single factor effectiveness index of available trace element showed that the orchard soil effective state contents Cu,Zn and B were higher than the critical value,Fe and Mn were significantly lower than the critical value,the average sequence was: Cu > Zn > B > Fe > Mn in Wensu County.The effective state trace element comprehensive index of the top five sample areas were as follows: Rice Farm(7.36)> Qiagelake Township(5.89)> Arele Town(5.78)> Gugedai Pasture(5.65)> Tumuxiuke Town(5.13).The average of comprehensive index was 4.04.[Conclusion]To sum up,orchard soil trace elements Cu,Fe and B content are plentiful,Zn and Mn are relatively scarce,so,it is recommended that when applying fertilizer containing Zn and Mn should consider the local condition in the soil in this area.

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Variation of Soil Nutrients and Fertility Evaluation of Hami 13th Division's Farmland WANG Miao-xing;YE Jun;SUN Jian-ting;JIANG Xue-gu;LI Xing-zon;ZHANG Wan-yi;JIN Wen-ping;CHANG Xiang 2017, 54(3): 528-537.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1103KB) ( )   [Objective] Through the study on soil nutrient status of Hami thirteenth division,the present situation of soil nutrients and the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trend are analyzed.The evaluation of soil fertility to be carried out might provide theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization and high standard farmland construction.[Method]In Hami thirteenth division between 2012 and 2015,the top layer soil nutrient went through sampling and analysis and the results were compared with the historical data of nutrients obtained by the second national soil survey in 1984 and 2007.Statistical methods were employed to analyze the current status and evolution trend of soil nutrients of the thirtennth division arable layer soil,analytic hierarchy process was used to calculate the weight of each evaluation factor;Delphi method was applied to carry out the evaluation of soil fertility.Based on the correlation and variability of soil nutrients,the distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in the thirteenth divisions of Hami were determined.[Result]At present,Hami thirteenth division arable layer soil organic matter averaged 14.5 g/kg,belonging to the level of four;The average content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen was 87 mg/kg,belonging to the fourth level;The average effective phosphorus content was 15.39 mg/kg,belonging to the level of three;The average content of available potassium was 197 mg/kg,belonging to the level of two;From 1984 to 2015,the content of soil organic matter and available phosphorus showed a downward trend and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus displayed increasing tendency and the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus had a tendency to rise.[Conclusion]The soil fertility in the study area is in quite good condition.The contents of soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogenin in soil are generally of medium level or slightly lower level.Available potassium content is abundant.

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Software Design of Machine Vision On-Line Detection of Walnut Size GUO Zheng;SHI Jian-xin;ZHOU Jun;CAI Jian;LIU Hang 2017, 54(3): 538-545.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )   [Objective] To design a kind of software which can grade the size of walnut online by machine vision.[Method]In this paper,the Daheng USB2.0 Industrial Camera was used to obtain the RGB image of walnut on-line detection,and the interface of program was developed by VS2010 to convert the image data and preprocess,which could obtain the contour of image.By using OpenCV image moment calculation principle to extract walnut dimensions data,the software could provide different levels of signal for the lower computers to control solenoid valve action.[Result]The software displayed the images before and after the processing and realized the optimization of image acquisition and the manual adjustment of segmentation threshold.[Conclusion]The walnut size software based on machine vision can detect walnut with different sizes and send out grading signal accurately.

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Effects of Morphological Traits on Body Mass of Triplophysa (Hedinichthys) yarkandensis (Day) CHEN Sheng-ao;YAO Na;SONG Yong;WANG Shuai;XIE Cong-xin 2017, 54(3): 546-556.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   [Objective] This paper aims to study the effects of the morphological traits of 1,2 and 3 years old Triplophysa(Hedinichthys)yarkandensis(Day)individuals on their body mass.[Method]Using correlation analysis,path analysis and multiple linear regression method.[Result]For the 1 year old T.yarkandensis(Day)individuals,the correlation coefficients of body mass with body height,eye diameter,body length,body width,and beard length were 0.540,0.694,0.030,0.286 and-0.170,respectively(P<0.05),and the path coefficients also reached very significant level(P<0.05).Body height,body width and beard length had significant influence on body weight,respectively(P<0.05).The related multiple regression equation was Y=1.510+0.897X4-7.377 X8+0.23 X1+0.32 X5+0.674 X6.For the 2 years old T.yarkandensis(Day)individuals,head length,body height and body width were 0.665,0.551 and 0.224,respectively(P<0.05),and the path coefficients also reached very significant level(P<0.05).Head length had significant influence on body weight,respectively(P<0.05).The related multiple regression equation was Y=-0.605+2.487 X2+1.437 X4+0.393 X5.For the 3 years old T.yarkandensis(Day)individuals,body height,head length,body width and eye diameter were 0.771,0.719,0.604 and 0.189,respectively(P<0.05),and the path coefficients also reached very significant level(P<0.05).Body width and eye diameter had significant influence on body weight,respectively(P <0.01).The related multiple regression equation was Y=-6.640+0.579 X1+1.812 X2+2.782 X5+4.573 X8.[Conclusion]At the different stages of 1,2,3 years old fish,different biological indicators should be used to choose different fish in the breeding of T.yarkandensis(Day).

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In Vitro Study on Antimicrobial Type of Florfenicol against Three Standard Porcine Respiratory Pathogens LI Xian-qiang;ZHAO Li;LIU Jun-feng;GUO Xun-feng;JIANG Chun-yu;LIU Yong-hong 2017, 54(3): 557-563.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1209KB) ( )   [Objective] The purpose of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial type of florfenicol against the main primary causative bacteria of pig pneumonia.[Method]The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC)and post-antibiotic effect(PAE)of florfenicol against Streptococcus suis,Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were determined.[Result]The MIC and MBC of florfenicol against the above pathogenic bacterias were 0.25～0.5 μg/mL and 2～4 μg/mL,respectively.The results have shown that the PAE increased with the increasing of drug concentration and extension of expose time,and time-kill curve also demonstrated that the antibacterial ability increased with the increasing of florfenicol concentration.[Conclusion]According to the results of PAE and time-kill curve in this study,we concluded that the florfenicol is typically concentration dependent against the main primary causative bacteria.

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Identification of Isolate Strain of Brucella Melitensis in Xingjiang and Prokaryotic Expression and Bioinformatics Analysis of Its L7/L12 Protein LIU Sheng;JIANG Ya-li;FU Qiang;SHI Hui-jun;LI Shuang;MENG Lu-ping;GUO Fei;ZHANG Hui;CHEN Chuang-fu 2017, 54(3): 564-573.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1473KB) ( )   [Objective] To isolate and identify Xinjiang Brucella melitensis,this project focuses on prokaryotic expression of the L7/L12 protein of the bacteria,detection of its reactionogenicity and and partial biological analysis.[Method]Isolation and identification of Brucella melitensis by using bacterial streak culture,morphological observation,biochemical test and PCR detection.Using conventional and molecular biological methods to express and purify the L7/L12 protein of this Brucella melitensis.Expression and purification isolate strain L7/L12 protein by using the conventional molecular biological methods,and analysis of the fusion protein reactionogenicity by Western Blot.Using bioinformatics software to analyze some functions of this protein.[Result]After identification,the strain was identified as Brucella melitensis.After enzyme digestion and sequencing,the expression vector pET-28a-L7/L12 was correctly constructed.SDS-PAGE tests showed that the purified L7/L12 protein was a single band.The fusion protein had good reactionogenicity by Western Blot detection.Bioinformatics analysis showed the protein had no trans-membrane domain and no signal peptide.Its secondary structure was mainlyα-helix.And the three-dimensional structure of the protein was constructed by Phyre2 Server.[Conclusion]The isolated strain was identified successfully and L7/L12 fusion protein of this isolate strain was expressed and purified.Blot Western test proved that the protein had a good reactionogenicity,which laid the foundation for the protein follow-up research of the subunit vaccine.

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Present Situation, Existing Problems and Development Strageties of Peanut Production in Xinjiang SHI Bi-xian;ZHU Ming-cheng;WAGN Qi-cai;GU Yuan-guo;YU Bo-cheng;CHEN Yue-hua;LI Qiang 2017, 54(3): 574-584.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1135KB) ( )   [Objective] To analyze the existing problems in peanut production in China,and suggest countermeasures for future development of peanut industry in Xinjiang.[Method]Relevant research materials of peanut production in China and Xinjiang in recent years were collected and the recent status and characteristics of peanut production in Xinjiang were reviewed and summarized.[Result]China is a big peanut producing country in the world.Peanut planting area ranks the second in the world and the total production ranks the first in the world.Peanut in China has a variety of types,wide distribution,cultivation system diversification,etc.Oil crops in Xinjiang include rapeseed,sunflower,sesame,safflower,peanut,sesame,etc,and peanut planting area is relatively small.Currently,scientific research on peanut has been done little in Xinjiang,which mainly focused on the introduction,screening of varieties resources and high-yield cultivation techniques and has not yet formed a sound scientific research and promotion system.At present,the main problems in Xinjiang peanut production mainly include mixed varieties,low overall mechanization level,uneven regional development and deep processing is backward.Relevant departments were recommended to increase attention to peanut industry development in Xinjiang,strengthen study on peanut varieties and cultivation techniques,improve the research and development level of mechanization technology,widen the publicity and promotion of excellent variety and technology and encourage the development of peanut deep processing industry.[Conclusion]Xinjiang is beneficial to the cultivation of peanut in the aspects of climate,soil and trade environment.With the adjustment of national planting structure,planting peanut in Xinjiang has a good development prospect,which not only can improve the self-sufficiency rate of domestic edible oil and economic benefit of farmers but also can make full use of land resources in Xinjiang and improve the ecological environment and create good ecological benefits.