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20 August 2018, Volume 55 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis of the Adaptability of Winter Rapeseed Cultivars of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River in Xinjiang Spring Rapeseed Regions HOU Xian-fei, ZHOU Zi-xin, GU Yuan-guo, WANG Juan, JIA Dong-hai, LI Qiang, CHEN Yue-hua 2018, 55(8): 1373-1383.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1116KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the ecological adaptability of half-winter rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) from the lower Yangtze region and broaden the germplasm resources of spring rapeseed in Xinjiang's producing area.【Method】 This paper analyzed the growth period, main agronomic traits and yield of the tested varieties by adopting the methods of stability parameter, high stability coefficient and coefficient of variation.【Result】 The results showed that winter rapeseed from the lower Yangtze region grew and developed normally after vernalization in this producing area. The growth period of the tested variety was longer than the control variety Xinyou 17 and the harvest time was 4 to 15 days later. The main agronomic traits of the tested varieties were evaluated comprehensively by the membership function and the data displayed that genera of the first five of comprehensive rankings included Zhongyou 158, Huayouza 73, Huayouza 76, Zheyou 50 and Zhongshang 11. The other varieties are superior to the control variety Xinyou 17. The main agronomic traits of Zhongyou 158 were excellent among all the tested varieties, however its yield reduced severely because of lodging. Its average yield was only 201.41 kg per mu and its high stability coefficient method ranked the last. The main agronomic traits of Zhongshuang 11 were relatively weak compared with Zhongyou 158. However, its yields were equivalent to 225.13 kg per mu, ranking the first of the high stability coefficient through the drip irrigation technology without root falling. The average yield of Huayouza 76 was nearly 252.71 kg per mu, and the high stability coefficient method ranked the second place. 【Conclusion】Overall, the half-winter rapeseed in the lower Yangtze region can grow and mature completely after vernalization when it was planted in Xinjiang spring rapeseed area. In mature stage, many varieties had root lodging and yield decreased. Therefore, the selection of high resistant lodging varieties has significant economic benefits and great development potential. Meanwhile breeding resistant lodging varieties can broaden the germplasm resources in Xinjiang's spring rapeseed area.

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Effects of Potassium Application and Leaf Spraying with Gibberellin on Seed Germination of Spring Wheat ZHANG Jin-shan, JIA Yong-hong, SUN Peng, LIU Jun, Paridan Maitikuerban, Xieripaimu Aikemu, SHI Shu-bing 2018, 55(8): 1384-1391.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1217KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of gibberellin spraying and foliar application of gibberellin on seed radicle traits, root ability, bud length, transport and consumption of dry matter in spring wheat in order to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the effect of cultivation measures on seed germination of wheat.【Method】 Using wheat Xinchun 31 as the test material, the experimental design of split area was adopted. The main plot was potassium rate (K) at three levels, 0, 180 and 360 kg/hm2, marked K0, K180 and K360, and split block were five gibberellin application rate(G) levels at 0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g/hm2, marked G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5.【Result】 K application on different germination time of the total root length, root volume, root average diameter, rooting ability, bud length and dry matter of grain transport rate had a significant impact. The total root length, root volume, root and shoot length showed a significant decline with the increase of K application rate, while the root mean diameter was vice versa; Transport rate of dry matter of grain increased first and then decreased with the increase of K application rate; Among them, K180 levels were 26.51% and 38.15% higher than K0 and K360 levels significantly. Leaf spraying with gibberellin had significant effects on root surface area, rooting ability and bud length at different germination times. The root surface area decreased with the increase of gibberellin dosage, but the root force and bud length increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum at G3 and G2 levels, which were 25.89% and 6.05% higher than those at G0 level, respectively. With the advance of germination time, the total root length increased linearly, the root surface area increased first, and the root volume and mean diameter increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum on the 4 th day. Transfer rate of dry matter of grain (Y1) and the change of consumption rate (Y2) accord with the quadratic equation, respectively: Y1 = 0.579,7 X2 + 3.682 X + 0.246,6,Y2 = 0.021,5 X2 + 5.082,3 X + 4.064,6.【Conclusion】 Potassium and spraying on the leaf with gibberellin had a significant effect on wheat seed germination, and the optimum potassium rate is 180 kg/hm2, spraying gibberellin on the leaf is 16 g/hm2, which is advantageous to the germination and seedling of wheat seedling.

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Changes in Epicuticular Wax Content of Cotton Cultivars with Different Drought-Resistances and Its Relationship with Water Use Efficiency HE Fei, YONG Xiao-yu, GAO Hong-yun, LI Xiao-jia, ZHANG Qian, HAN huan-yong, LIN Hai-rong, LUO Hong-hai 2018, 55(8): 1392-1399.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1323KB) ( )   【Objective】 The project aims to study changes of epicuticular wax content in cotton cultivars with different drought-resistance and its relationship with water use efficiency (WUE) in natural ecological conditions of Xinjiang, China.【Method】 Different drought resistance cotton cultivars Xinluzao22 (drought-resistance) and Xinluzao17 (drought-sensitive) were used under mulch drip irrigation systems with a normal irrigation and drought stress and analysis was carried out of the correlation among cotton leaf epicuticular wax content and net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, relative water content and seed cotton yield during critical growth period.【Result】 The results showed that, compared with normal irrigation, drought treated plants significantly reduced seed cotton yield, but increased the wax content and water use efficiency by 10.84% and 23.96%, respectively, from full flowering to boll-opening stage. No significant difference was found in term of seed cotton yield, RWC, WUE and wax content between Xinluzao22 and Xinluzao17 under normal irrigation, while under drought stress, Xinluzao22 resulted in 41.38%, 13.1%, 3.84% and 14.27% more seed cotton yield, RWC, WUE and wax content respectively compared with Xinluzao17 cultivar. The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the wax content of cotton leaf epidermis and Tri and PN, and the negative correlation coefficient of Tr was higher than that of PN, and there was a significant positive correlation between Tr and RWC.【Conclusion】 Cotton varieties with strong drought resistance decrease leaf transpiration rate and water consumption by increasing the wax content of leaves during florescence to boll-opening stage, thus increasing WUE and seed cotton yield.

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Effects of Different Rehydration Time on Chemical Detopping Cotton LOU Shan-wei, Aerman Abulimiti,JIANG Ting-ting, NIE Zhi-yong,ZHAO Qiang 2018, 55(8): 1400-1405.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1287KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effect of different rehydration time after chemical detopping on the sealed cotton was clarified, the effect of watering on the sealing effect was reduced, and the cotton yield was guaranteed, which provided a reference for the application of chemical sealing technology.【Method】 The field plot experiment was used to set up the different rehydration time after the chemical detopping, and the agronomic traits, dry matter accumulation and yield of cotton were investigated and the data were analyzed.【Result】 Premature rehydration after chemical detopping could increase the plant height of cotton as high as 78.36 cm, 8.81 cm higher than the lowest treatment, and 0.8 more fruit branches. The abscission rate of buds and bolls increased with the time of rehydration, and the H4 with the highest shedding rate was 61.33% .The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen was not affected by rehydration sooner or later, but the earlier dry matter accumulation was earlier, and the nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs was higher, as well. With the time of rehydration on cotton, yield had a certain effect, and the weight of single boll, lint and seed cotton treated by H2 were the highest, which were 6.0 g, 40.75% and 5,661.97 kg/ha, respectively.【Conclusion】 After chemical detopping, the earliest watering interval should not be less than 3 days, and the latest should not exceed 7 days.

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Effect of Row Spacing of Plant on Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulation Distribution and Yield of Cotton Abudukader kuerban, LI Jian-wei, Yang Pei, ZHANG Ju-song, GUO Ren-song, LIN Tao 2018, 55(8): 1406-1416.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1382KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the cumulative effect of row spacing of cotton machine production characteristics and production distribution of biomass and nitrogen in cotton in the hope of laying a theoretical basis for high yield cotton cultivation in southern Xinjiang.【Method】 With loose plant type varieties Xinluzhong 54 and compact plant type varieties Xinluzhong 75 as the material, 3 different suitable apheresis spacing tests were set, respectively: a six film with high density (66+10) cm, a six film for high density (64+12) cm and low density of a film four line (64+12) cm.【Result】 The results showed that the accumulation of biomass of vegetative organs and reproductive organs entered the beginning day of rapid growth under the low density, one film, four rows (64+12) cm planting pattern between Xinluzhong 54 and Xinluzhong 75. Both of them, the end day and the period of maximum growth rate were advanced, and the growth characteristic values and the theoretical values of total nitrogen accumulation were higher. The net absorption and transfer of nitrogen in the vegetative organs of cotton plants were ensured, so as to give play to the superiority of cotton plants per plant, to make the growth of cotton plants have higher nitrogen metabolism level, and to increase effectively the number of bolls per plant and boll weight per plant. The yield of lint was higher (3,307.8 kg/hm2, 3,150.9 kg/hm2). Among different varieties, the number of bolls per plant of Xinluzhong 54 was 9.23% higher that of Xinluzhong 75 so the final lint yield was 4.98% higher.【Conclusion】 In the southern Xinjiang, among different varieties, the upper biomass and nitrogen accumulation characteristic values of loose variety Xinluzhong 54 under the low density one film four rows (64+12) cm configuration are more coordinated, and the distribution ratio of each organ is more reasonable. The yield of lint is higher.

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Effects of PEG-6000 and NaCl Stress on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of the Tobacco with GbWRKY32 Gene GUO Ding, QU Yang-ying, NI Zhi-yong, CHEN Quan-jia 2018, 55(8): 1417-1427.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1253KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the drought resistance and salt tolerance of GbWRKY32 gene.【Method】 GbWRKY32 transgenic tobacco and wild type tobacco were used as materials to study the effects of different concentrations of PEG-6000 (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) and NaCl (0 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm) on seed germination, seedling length, root system, dry weight and fresh weight of GbWRKY32 transgenic tobacco.【Result】 (1) With the increase of PEG-6000 concentration, the seed germination rate of GbWRKY32 transgenic tobacco seeds and native tobacco seeds decreased, and the root weight, dry weight and fresh weight decreased; (2) After treatment of 15% PEG-6000 for 14 days, the seed germination rate, seedling length, root system, dry weight and fresh weight of the three transgenic tobacco lines GbWRKY32 were significantly higher than those of wild type tobacco seeds; (3) With the increase of NaCl concentration, the whole trend of NaCl was the same as that of PEG stress. After 14 days of treatment, the seed germination rate, seedling length, root system, dry weight and fresh weight of three transgenic tobacco lines with GbWRKY32 gene were significantly higher than those of wild type tobacco seeds. 【Conclusion】Through seed germination rate, root scanning and fresh weight and dry weight measurement, it was found that GbWRKY32 gene transferred into tobacco could significantly improve the resistance of tobacco to drought and salt stress.

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Effects of Cutting Time and Additives on Fermentation Quality of Sweet Sorghum Silage YUE Li,Shanqimike, Zaituniguli Kuerban, WANG Hui, YE Kai, MAO Jun, TU Zhen-dong 2018, 55(8): 1428-1435.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1603KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cutting time and additives on the fermentation quality and nutrient composition of sweet sorghum silage.【Method】 The new sorghum No. 3 and new sorghum No.9 were used as the tested varieties in this experiment. Milk ripening stage, the dough stage and complete ripening stage were selected for cutting, and the silage was made by adding urea and silage additive without adding, adding urea and silage additive. After 60 days of silage, the fermentation quality and nutritional value were analyzed.【Result】 With the cutting period of sweet sorghum moving backward, the contents of crude fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber gradually decreased and reached the lowest level during the ripe stage, XT-2 was 13.58%, 23.51%, and 16.35%, respectively, and T601 was 16.74%, 29.55%, and 21.34%, respectively, which were reduced by 15.3% to 32.85%, 20.87% to 57.31%, and 21.4% to 24.76%, respectively, compared with the milky stage. At the ripe stage the in vitro digestibility and crude protein content of XT-2 could reach 65.35% and 8.16%, which were 48.4 % and 0.86 % higher than those of the milk stage. During silage, after adding silage additive and urea, the protein content increased by 3.34%-4.4% and 6.5%-11.4% respectively compared with the blank group; the in vitro digestive rate increased by 7.17% to 23.22% and 1.22% to 17.06%, respectively, compared with the blank group; at the same time, the silage pH was reduced, which effectively reduced the loss of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates.【Conclusion】 Considering the index of in vitro digestibility, protein content, dry matter content and pH value of silage, sweet sorghum planted in northern Xinjiang should be mowed to produce silage at the ripening stage, and silage added with additives can improve silage fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility.

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Effect of Foliar Application 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Photosynthetic Pigment and Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato in Fields ZHANG Xiao-hong, GUO Gang, WANG Zhu-long, ZHOU Xiao-yun 2018, 55(8): 1436-1443.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1020KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of the foliar application exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the fruit yield and quality of processed tomatoes in the field in the hope of providing the basic theoretical basis for its popularization and application in processing tomatoes.【Method】 Two processing tomato varieties, H1015 and H3402, were used as experimental materials. Different concentrations of ALA were sprayed regularly on the leaves of young fruits. The relationship between relative indexes of yield and quality of mature fruit and ALA was analyzed.【Result】 The content of photosynthetic pigments in functional leaves of processing tomato increased with the increase of ALA concentration in foliar spraying. The average yield of H1015 under ALA treatment (50.0 mg / L) was 15.12% higher than that of the control, while that of H3402 increased by 12.01%. The soluble solids of H1015 increased by 10.43%.【Conclusion】 Foliar application of ALA on processing tomato leaves during the fruit development, exogenous ALA is involved in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in processing tomato leaves, and improves the photosynthetic pigment content of processed tomato leaves. The efficiency of leaf photosynthesis promotes the accumulation of leaf photosynthetic materials, promotes the growth and development of processing tomato fruits, thus increasing the yield, and also changing the distribution ratio of photosynthetic substances in various tissues and organs, and improves the quality of processed tomatoes to some degrees.

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Effects of Cry1Ac Protein on Enzyme Activity and Development of Chrysoper carnea Based on Tertiary Nutrition Chain DING Rui-feng, Ahtam Uwais, LI Hai-qiang, PAN Hong-sheng, LI Hao-bin, WANG Dong-mei, LIU Jian 2018, 55(8): 1444-1451.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1032KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of Cry1Ac protein transfer through cotton and cotton aphid on the enzyme activity and growth and development of Chrysoper carnea, and to provide reference and basis for the safety evaluation of transgenic BT cotton.【Method】 Testing the Bt protein content of Bt cotton, Aphis gossypii fed on Bt cotton and the Chrysoper carnea reared on Aphis gossypii by ELISA method; measuring the Trypsin-like, Chymotrypsin-like and Aminopeptidase N of Chrysoper carnea reared on Aphis gossypii on Bt cotton by enzyme activity assay, researching on growth and development of theChrysoper carnea reared on Aphis gossypii on Bt cotton by bioassay.【Result】 Cry1Ac protein content in cotton leaves was 788.76 ng/g, more than the expression in Aphis gossypii which was 2.35 ng/g , and BT insecticidal protein was not detected in the 3rd instar larvae feeding on BT cotton. Cry1Ac protein transmitted through tertiary nutrition chain had little effect on the enzyme activity of Chrysoper carnea. 【Conclusion】The accumulation of Cry1Ac protein in Aphis gossypii after fed on BT cotton was very small, while that of cotton aphid on BT cotton had no negative effect on the activity of three enzymes and the growth and development of Chrysoper carnea.

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Study on the Change and Correlation of inclusion and Water Content under different pollen vitality XU Ye-ting, ZHANG Xiao-li, Mubarek Ayup, DAI Pei-hong, GUO Ding, GONG Peng 2018, 55(8): 1452-1456.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1558KB) ( )   【Objective】 We aim to explore the relationship between pollen inclusion and pollen viability.【Method】 The pollen viability of Dangshan pear, which was stored at 4 degree centigrade conditions for for 0 days, 7 days, 27 days, 43 days and 65 days, was determined by means of in vitro pollen germination method. And the content of the protein fatty glucosinolins water in pollen was measured by near infrared spectrometer. 【Result】The results showed that: the protein content increased, the total fat content and glucosinolates were serrated, along with the pollen vitality decreased. The water content was increased with the increase of storage time and without desiccant. The studies have shown that pollen vitality are associated with fatty, glucosinolate, water content and protein. They correlation were 0.623, 0.813, -0.886, -0.807, respectively. 【Conclusion】Fat and glucosinolates are positively related to pollen vitality, and water content and protein are negatively correlated with pollen viability, and pollen respiration is reduced by drying in long term pollen storage. It has positive correlation that the pollen viability with fatty, glucosinolate. The pollen viability has negative correlations with water content, protein. Therefore, pollen are dehydrated to conserve them for depressed respiratory action.

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Research on Identification Method of Mite Infection Cotton Based on of UAV Multi-Spectral Image CUI Mei-na, DAI Jian-guo, WANG Shou-hui, ZHANG Guo-shun, XUE Jin-li 2018, 55(8): 1457-1466.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1706KB) ( )   【Objective】 It aims to explore the monitoring method of cotton leaf mites identification in large area of cotton field using the advantage of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing in spatial resolution and spectral resolution.【Method】 Twenty kinds of spectral indexes were taken as the primary characteristic factors for mite damage monitoring, and the Akaike's Information Criterion was used as the model selection basis. The best modeling features were obtained, and the logistic regression model for monitoring and identification of cotton mite damage in fields was established.【Result】 Among all the spectral indexes, TVI, DVI and RDVI were the best feature factors for mite damage monitoring. The classification accuracy of the logistic regression model based on these three factors was 95%, and the F1 value was 95.1%, which can better realize the identification of cotton mite damage.【Conclusion】 The monitoring model proposed in this paper can realize the rapid identification of cotton spider mites in the region. The research methods and results have provided reference for similar remote sensing monitoring of crop pests.

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Effect of Transgenic Cotton on Individual Growth, Development and Reproduction Ability of Cotton Aphid LI Hai-qiang, WANG Dong-mei, LI Hao-bin, XU Yao, DING Rui-feng, PAN Hong-sheng, Ahtam Uwayis, LIU Jian 2018, 55(8): 1467-1472.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1834KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of transgenic gene cotton on the development and reproduction of individuals cotton Aphids.【Method】 The effects of transgenic cotton on individual growth and reproductive ability of Aphis gossypii were studied under laboratory conditions.【Result】 The result showed that transgenic insect-resistant cotton and transgenic cotton with high yield and good quality had no significant effect on the growth rate of cotton aphid, the life span of adult aphid, 4 duration avoirdupois weight and adult reproduction of cotton aphids.【Conclusion】 Transgenic cotton had no adverse effects on the growth and fecundity of Aphis gossypii.

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Effect of Physiological Yellowing on Morphological Changes of Grapevines in Turpan Area ZHOU Long, LIU Chun-yan, DONG Kai-xiang, WANG Bao-shan, FANG Hai-long 2018, 55(8): 1473-1482.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (2209KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of physiological yellowing disease on the morphology, anatomical structure and leaf mineral elements of grapevines in order to provide a theoretical reference for exploring the causes of leaf yellowing in grapevine.【Method】 Taking two main grape cultivars Thompson seedless and Centennial seedless in Turpan area as the experimental materials, the chlorophyll content, leaf tissue structure, and leaf mineral elements of the grape varieties were studied to analyze the existing problems of grape leaf yellowing.【Result】 The results showed that along with the degree of grape chlorosis worsening off, the internode length, leaf weight, leaf thickness and cholrophll content of Thompson seedless of normal grape were 1.30 times, 1.38 times, 1.35 times and 5.70 times of severe chlorosis grape, respectively. The P/S ratio of the Centennial seedless was only 61.84% of the normal leaves, and the palisade tissue cells and spongy tissue cells in the leaf tissue was blurred; The contents of P and K in normal leaves of Thompson seedless were 36.51% and 51.50% lower than those of yellow plants, respectively reaching a significant difference.【Conclusion】 It is preliminarily considered that there are obvious differences between phenotypic characteristics of branches and leaves and microanatomical structure of physiological etiolation of grape. The changes of leaf quality, chlorophyll content, thickness of the stem xylem, P/S ratio, the concentrations of P, K in leaves are important for judging the physiological yellowing states in grape orchard.

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Correlation between Diversity of Soil Mite Communities and Environmental Variables in Arid Area of Northwest China Paziliya Helil,Omar Abliz,Aliya Sidik, Adilaguli Abulikem 2018, 55(8): 1483-1494.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1493KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to understand the effects of soil environmental factors on the diversity of soil mite communities in arid areas,the soil mite community survey and environmental factor determination were conducted at seven different habitats in Shanshan County in 2015.【Method】 The relationship between diversity of soil mite communities and seven environmental variables were analyzed by using multivariate regression analysis and canonical correspondence analysis method.【Result】 A total of 26,637 soil mite adult specimens were collected, and they belonged to 4 orders, 69 families and 98 genera. The diversity indexes of soil mites communities in 7 different habitats were significantly different (P<0.001). The order of Shannon - Wiener diversity index (H) was shelter forest > vineyard > apricot garden > alfalfa land > grassland > farmland > vegetable fields. The results of CCA analysis showed that the first axis and the second axis explained 29.7% and 17.1% of the total variables of the main community of soil mites, respectively, and the correlation coefficients of environmental variables were 0.939 and 0.918, respectively. The first two axes explained 92.9% of the relationship between the species of soil mites and environmental factors. The Monte Carlo replacement test showed that the ten main physic - chemical properties of the seven different habitats were significantly correlated with the first CCA axis (F=4.31, P=0.002) and all the axes (F=2.68, P=0.002).【Conclusion】 The diversity of soil mite communities was significantly correlated with soil moisture content, organic matter content, total nitrogen content (P<0.05), among which, the soil moisture content, total nitrogen and organic matter content were the main factors affecting the community structure and diversity of soil mites in that area.

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Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on the Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis and Yield of Hybrid of Hazelnut WANG Ling-zhe,SHI Yan-jiang,SONG Feng-hui,WU Zheng-bao,HU Zhen-zhu 2018, 55(8): 1495-1504.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1426KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of different fertilization treatments lacking nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and conventional fertilization on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of 8 years' Life of Heterophilous Hybrid hazelnuts in Anning comprehensive test site of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences by taking European hybrid hazel as research object.【Method】 The photosynthetic parameters of leaves were measured by CIRAS-2 photosynthetic apparatus, SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter was applied to measure the chlorophyll content, and the yield of hazelnut per plant was measured by electronic balance.【Result】 The daily changes in transpiration rate and the daily changes in net photosynthetic rate between Treatment 1 (NPK) and Treatment 2(Lack of N)showed a bimodal curve and the change trend of other treatments showed a single peak curve. The daily cumulative amount of photosynthetic treatment 2(Lack of N) was the highest, and that in treatment 4 (Lack of K) was the lowest. The daily average of water use efficiency (WUE) in Treatment 1(NPK)is significantly different from that of other treatments. The peak value of the diurnal variation of intercellular CO2 concentration in treatment 1(NPK) was higher than that of other treatments. Yield per plant of Treatment 1(NPK) was 0.49, 0.48, 0.52, and 0.41 kg higher than that of Control, Treatment 2(Lack of N), Treatment 3(Lack of P), and Treatment 4(Lack of K), respectively. The rate of increase in production reached 65.33%, 63.16%, 72.22% and 49.39%.【Conclusion】 The conventional fertilization of three fertilizers can significantly increase the photosynthetic characteristics and increase the yield of the hybrid Hexaphyllum halves, which is suitable for the application of fertilizer technology in improving the yield of the hybrid hazel.

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Ecosystem health evaluation for Shawan forest in middle part of tianshan mountain in Xinjiang LUO Lei,WANG Lei,LIU Ping,LI Xi-guang,GAO Ya-qi 2018, 55(8): 1505-1515.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (3731KB) ( )   【Objective】 Taking Shawan Forest Farm in the middle of Tianshan Mountain as the research area, this project aims to assess the forest ecosystem health in Shawan forest farm by extracting the index factors from remote sensing data to measure the health of forest ecosystem in terms of four aspects: ecosystem service function, landscape ecological structure and function, terrain factor, physiological and ecological status.【Method】 Using the data of remote sensing and forest resources date in Xinjiang, through the correlation analysis of the indicators and influence degree of each factor on the health of the forest ecosystem, the entropy weight method and the comprehensive evaluation method were used to quantitatively evaluate the health of the forest ecosystem.【Result】 The results showed that the index of ecosystem health was 0.12-0.59, among which the average index of coniferous forest landscape, broadleaf forest landscape, spare woodland landscape, shrubbery landscape, nursery landscape, afforested barren hills, non-forestland were 0.59, 0.56, 0.36, 0.41, 0.12, 0.53 and 0.48.【Conclusion】 A comprehensive method for assessing the forest ecosystem health is established, which can provide theory and method for forest health maintenance and sustainable management in the central Tianshan forest region of Xinjiang.

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Establishment of Isolated Culture Regeneration System of Brassica rapa L. YANG Jie, JIA Kai, YAN Hui-zhuan, GAO Jie 2018, 55(8): 1516-1522.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1022KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the influence of different hormones on the adventitious buds and roots of turnips (Brassica rapa L.) and establish turnips regeneration system.【Method】 Two concentrations of NAA 0.1 mg / L and 0.5 mg / L and 4 concentrations of 6 - BA hormone 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 , 1.0 mg / L were set up to treat the cotyledons and hypocotyls of two kinds of Xinjiang turnips, one kind of Wenzhou for observing the frequency of adventitious bud regeneration and regenerated roots. 【Result】The regeneration rate of three hypocotyls was: Keping (75.32%) > Wenzhou (73.73%) > Kashi (72.55%). When NAA was at 0.5 mg/L, the hypocotyls rooting rate was higher than that when NAA was at 0.1 mg/L.【Conclusion】 The effect of Hypocotyl inducing adventitious bud of three kinds of turnip was better than that cotyledons. The optimal hormone concentrations of adventitious bud induction turnips in Keping and Kashi are 6-BA 0.75 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L. and the optimal hormone concentration of Wenzhou dish is 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg / L.

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Research on Salt Discharge Effect of Different Buried Deep Pipes in Salinized Farmland ZHU Zhen, WANG Hai-jiang, SU Ting, SHI Xiao-yan, SONG Jiang-hui, ZHU Yong-qi, ZHENG QI 2018, 55(8): 1523-1533.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1219KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of soil desalination on the combination of the technique of dark tube salt discharge and the planting mode of agricultural irrigation in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for using this technology to improve and utilize saline-alkali land and to formulate reasonable irrigation scheme.【Method】 Taking the seriously salinized farmland of Hongqi Farm in the third division of Xinjiang as the research object, three kinds of dark tube buried depth were set (T1, buried depth of 1.2 m; T2, buried depth of 1.5 m; T3, buried depth of 1.8 m), The spacing of the hidden tubes was 25 m, through two years of experiment of tube drainage, the salt distribution characteristics of 1 m tillage layer and the changes of soil salinity in the horizontal direction were studied.【Result】 After being buried for 2 years, the content of soil salinity in the horizontal direction at different depths of buried pipe decreased, but the difference between the two points decreased a little; All underground pipe treatments could reduce the soil salt in 1m tillage layer combined with surface irrigation, the salinity of soil treated with T1, T2 and T3 decreased by 7.88, 8.90 and 8.13 g/kg, respectively. The highest desalination rate of 1 m tillage layer in the treatment of T2 was 45.79 %, which was better than those in the treatments of T1 and T3. There was no significant difference in the desalination rates of T1 and T3; The desalination effects of different soil layers were different, the desalination rates of the three treatments all reached more than 50% in 40-60 cm soil layer, but the overall performance was that the desalination rate at the upper layer was higher than that at the lower layer.【Conclusion】 The technology of underground pipe salt drainage combined with surface irrigation plays an obvious role in reducing salt content in soil tilling layer. According to the actual situation in the study area, the irrigation volume can be reduced or the distance between hidden pipes can be increased. The results have provided a theoretical reference for determining the optimal plan of pipe layout and irrigation volume in the study area.

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Design of Imitating Artificial Picking Type Drip Irrigation Belt Recovery Machine and Simulation of Virtual Prototype GUO Wen-song,WANG Zhao-ying, SUN Yue,TIAN Yu-tai,HU Can,SAN Yun-long 2018, 55(8): 1534-1541.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1654KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to solve the problems such as the heavy intensity of labor, low recovery efficiency and drip irrigation belt fracture, this paper designs a drip irrigation belt recycling machine which can imitate the action of manual pulling belt.【Method】 The reclaiming machine is mainly composed of the reeling belt mechanism, guiding mechanism, picking belt mechanism, frame and other components. The reeling mechanism consists of a multi-linkage mechanism, and the drip irrigation belt could be quickly uninstalled by moving the slider. Then the model for its key mechanism such as winding belt mechanism and picking belt mechanism, moreover the virtual prototype of the belt and drip irrigation was created under the recovery unit based on dynamic simulation software ADAMS.【Result】 The parameters of the guide mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 155 mm, connecting rod length 439 mm, eccentricity 248 mm, which can attain the best transmission effect; parameters of the picking belt mechanism were obtained as follows: crank length 144 mm, rocker length 366 mm, meeting the requirements of picking height 500 mm; simulation analysis found that: with the increase of the speed of the guiding mechanism and picking belt mechanism, the tension in the drip irrigation belt gradually increased. Finally, the rotational speed of the guiding mechanism was set to 0.8 r/s, and the speed of the picking belt mechanism was 0.6 r/s.【Conclusion】 The recovery machine has an working area of about one hectare per hour, which can quickly complete winding and unistalling the drip irrigation belt, thus greatly reducing the tape breakage rate.

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Effects of Grazing Intensity on Plant Community Characteristics of Seriphidium transiliense Desert Grassland YANG Jing-jing, Tuerxunnayi Reyimu, ZHANG Qing-qing, Amanula Yimingniyazi, Xueretijiang Maitinuri 2018, 55(8): 1542-1550.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1363KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different grazing intensities on plant community quantitative characteristics and diversity of Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland.【Method】 The S. transiliense desert degraded grassland in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain was taken as the research object, and three kinds of grazing intensities, including CK, LG and MG were set. The height, coverage, density, and biomass of plant communities were measured in fields, and the diversity index was calculated.【Result】 Under three grazing intensities, the important value of Seriphidium transiliense increased first and then decreased and the proportion of annual plants was higher. With the increase of grazing intensity, the height, coverage, density, biomass and important value decreased, while the density, biomass and important values of Salsola collina and Chenopodium album which livestock didn't graze increased. Margalef index, Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index decreased from 0.45, 0.5, 0.72 to 0.25, 0.20 and 0.33, respectively, while the Pielou index had no significant difference. The diversity index of plant and important value of S. transiliense were positively correlated, and important value of annual plants were negatively correlated.【Conclusion】 It's concluded that plant communities become dwarf and sparse, species richness and diversity decreased with the increase of grazing intensity, and plant communities are dominated by annual plants.

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Effects of Grazing in Cotton Stubble Fields on Production Performance and Tissue Structure of Xinjiang Goats ZOU Lin, Halidai Rehemujiang, Aibibula Yimamu 2018, 55(8): 1551-1559.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1887KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study is conducted to determine the effects of cotton-stubble grazing on production performance, liver and kidney pathologist of Xinjiang goats.【Method】 Twenty goats with similar body conditions were chosen to graze freely on cotton stubble for 2 months, and there was no supplemental feeding during grazing. After grazing for 1 month or 2 months, the feed intake and digestibility were measured.【Result】 The above-ground biomass decreased, proportion of leaf, boll shell, slender stalk decreased with the grazing time (P<0.05). The crude protein content of the edible parts of cotton stubble was more than 8%, but the contents of cellulose and lignin were significantly higher than those of pasture herbage. The average daily intake and fecal excretion of goats increased slightly in the second month of grazing period (P<0.05), but the digestibility of organic matter and crude protein decreased (P<0.01). The total weight gain and average daily gain were 11.27 kg and 0.18 kg during the whole grazing period but decreased slightly in the late grazing stage. The blood aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamy transpeptidase (GGT), urea (UREA), free gossypol (FG) significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with those before grazing, but Fe decreased significantly after grazing (P<0.05). The IgG and IgM decreased significantly in blood (P<0.05). The microstructure result showed that at the end of grazing, goat hepatocytes degenerated along with hyperemia, glomerular became swelling and renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis happened. The ultrastructure showed hepatic cell became swelling and denaturized, mitochondrial membrane ruptured and renal epithelial cell nuclear came into pyknosis state.【Conclusion】 Grazing on cotton stubble affects their production performance, health of liver and kidney. It is suggested that appropriate supplementary feeding should be taken into account when grazing cotton stubble fields.

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Investigation into Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources in Yili, Xinjiang CHEN Yue-yue, WANG Kai, WANG Shu-feng, YAO Xiao-hui, XUAN Hui-yong, Mamuer Akemuhan, XIA Li-ning 2018, 55(8): 1560-1568.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.08.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (2002KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to understand the resistance to clinical antibacterial drugs of Escherichia coli derived from different animal origins in Yili, Xinjiang.【Method】 Agar dilution method was used to detect the resistance of 10 kinds of antimicrobial agents to 723 strains of Escherichia coli (89 strains were isolated from pigs, 164 strains were isolated from cattle, 270 strains were isolated from chicken and 200 strains were isolated from sheep) isolated from feces from different animal sources in Yili area.【Result】 The results showed that: ⑴ the resistance rates of cattle source Escherichia coli was mainly resistant to amphotericin (26.8%), and multidrug resistance was mainly resistant to 0 resistant (62%). ⑵ the resistance rates of sheep source Escherichia coli was mainly resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77.5%), ampicillin (69.5%), enrofloxacin (46%), norfloxacin (45%) and amphotericin (43.5%), and multidrug resistance was concentrated in 4 resistant (16%) and 6 resistant (16%). ⑶ the resistance rates of pigs source Escherichia coli was mainly resistant to ampicillin (66%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (64%), florfenicol (64%), enrofloxacin (53%), norfloxacin (49%), ciprofloxacin (36%) and gentamicin (31%). The multidrug resistance was concentrated in 2 resistant (12%), 5 resistant (13%) and 7 resistant (12%). ⑷ the resistance rates of chicken source Escherichia coli was mainly resistant to ampicillin (74.4%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (73%), florfenicol (71.1%), enrofloxacin (65.9%), and norfloxacin (61.1%), and multidrug resistance was mainly based on 7 resistant (17.7%) and 8 resistant (14.4%).【Conclusion】 The order of drug resistance of Escherichia coli from different animal sources is: chicken source > sheep source > pig source > cattle source. It is necessary to strengthen the detection of drug resistance of Escherichia coli in Yili, so as to provide scientific basis for rational drug use and prevention of drug resistance of Escherichia coli.