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20 October 2020, Volume 57 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding.Germplasm Resources Molecular Genetics
Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics
Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Soil Fertilizer
Plant Protection·Microbes·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection
Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agroecological Environment·Agricultural Economy


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Crop Genetics and Breeding.Germplasm Resources Molecular Genetics

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Detection of Peroxidase Activity in Xinjiang Wheat Cultivars and Allelic Detection of Related Genes WANG Lili, ZHAN Shuaishuai, XIE Lei, WANG Jiqing, Hanikai Makan, REN Yi　SHI Jia, GENG Hongwei 2020, 57(10): 1765-1774.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (996KB) ( )   【Objective】 Peroxidase (POD, Peroxidase) activity in wheat grains has an important effect on wheat processing quality and flour color. To understand the peroxidase activity of Xinjiang wheat varieties (lines) and determine the variation types and distribution of related genes, so as to lay a foundation for wheat quality inheritance and improvement in Xinjiang. 【Method】 In this study, 113 Xinjiang wheat cultivars were genotyped by TaPod-3A1/TaPod-3A2 and TaPod-7D1/TaPod-7D6, combined with the results of measuring the POD activity of Xinjiang wheat cultivars the effects of different allelic variation of POD activity-related genes on POD activity of wheat cultivars the validity of the functional markers of TaPod-A1 and TaPod-D1 genes and the frequency of allelic variation of POD related genes in Xinjiang wheat cultivars. 【Result】 In Xinjiang wheat cultivars, the POD activity of TaPod-A1b(2,595.3 U/(g·min)) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that of TaPod-A1a (2,346.0 U/(g·min)) at TaPod-A1 loci and the distribution frequencies of the two genotypes were 36.3% and 63.7%; the POD activity of TaPod-D1b(2,503.9 U/(g·min)) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than TaPod-D1a genotype(2,376.9 U/(g·min)) at TaPod-D1 loci and the distribution frequencies of the two genotypes were 46.9% and 53.1%. 【Conclusion】 According to the results of this, TaPod-A1a (low POD activity) and TaPod-D1a (low POD activity) the main allelic types; markers of TaPod-A1 and TaPod-D1 can distinguish the POD activity of wheat seeds well. The combination of two site-specific markers can screen out materials with high POD activity more it can more effectively screen materials with high POD activity, increase the frequency of excellent allelic variation of Xinjiang wheat varieties (lines), and promote genetic improvement of Xinjiang wheat quality.

Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics

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Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Characters 32 Germplasm Resources of Oil and Medicine Safflower JIA Donghai, WANG Xiuzhen, HOU Xianfei, GU Yuanguo, Maimaitiyiming Simayi, LIANG Hong , SUN Jie , SHI Bixian, MIAO Haocui , LI Qiang, CHEN Yuehua 2020, 57(10): 1775-1784.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1001KB) ( )   【Objective】 To select the oil and medicine safflower germplasm resources high quality for both oil and medicine in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Genetic diversity analysis, variation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on 32 oil medicine safflower germplasm resources. 【Result】 Among the germplasm resources, there were 4 in 80-90 days, 6 in 90-100 days, 16 in 100-110 days, and 6 in 110 days. Genetic diversity analysis showed that the variation range of 10 quality genetic diversity indexes was 0.37-1.29; The genetic diversity index of flower color was the highest (1.29) in quantitative characters; The highest diversity index of was oil content and oleic acid (3.47) in quality characters. 32 materials divided into 10 groups by cluster analysisIn the first category, Qinghai the main material; the second category 14 materials, the third category 3 materials, and the fourth category 3 materials, mainly from Shandong. Other materials bxy11 (Gansu), bxy1 (Xinjiang), bxy19 (Hebei), bxy3 (Jiangsu) and bxy8 (Zhejiang) classified into one group respectively. 【Conclusion】 The main germplasm resources of safflower for oil and medicine use were leaf type inversion (90.6%), common kernel shell (87.5%), cone for flower ball (84.4%) and cone for kernel (87.5%). The genetic diversity of quality characters of safflower for oil and drug use in Xinjiang was higher than that of yield characters, and the clustering of materials was not significantly related to its source, but the materials from Qinghai, Gansu, Henan and Shandong were preferred together, Xinjiang has abundant safflower oil and medicine germplasm resources, and its genetic distance is relatively long.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Storage and Preservation Processing·Soil Fertilizer

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Study on Ecological Suitability and Regionalization of Xinjiang Jujube Based on MaxEnt Model LI Xiguang, WANG Lei, LIU Ping, LUO Lei, HOU Xiaochen, QIU Qin 2020, 57(10): 1785-1791.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1046KB) ( )   【Objective】 Combined with the current situation of resource allocation in the planting area, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict the potential suitable area of Xinjiang jujube in the hope of providing effective theoretical guidance and basis for the regional layout and planting structure adjustment of Xinjiang jujube. 【Methods】 Six climatic factors, including annual precipitation, flowering precipitation (May-June), mature precipitation (September-October), annual effective accumulated temperature (≥10℃), annual extreme minimum temperature and average temperature, and two land factors, including oasis irrigation areas and desert sensitive areas, and elevation, had been taken as environmental variables. Geographical distribution data of Xinjiang jujube had been acquired by GIS spatial analysis technology. MaxEnt model was used to model and predict the potential suitable areas for Xinjiang jujube. The main environmental factors and niche parameters were analyzed by percentage contribution rate. The main environmental factors and niche parameters were analyzed by percentage contribution rate. 【Results】 (1) ROC evaluation showed that the AUC values of training data set and testing data set for predicting the potential suitable areas of Xinjiang jujube by MaxEnt model were 0.921 and 0.904 respectively, indicating that the simulation effect was excellent. (2) The total potential suitable areas of jujube in Xinjiang were 23.659 3 million hm2. Among them, the most suitable areas were 4.293 5 million hm2, which were mainly distributed in Kashgar Prefecture, Aksu Prefecture, Hetian Prefecture, Kizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture and Bayingolong Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Southern Xinjiang, Turpan City and Hami City of East Xinjiang. (3) The main environmental factors affecting the growth of jujube in Xinjiang were annual minimum temperature (35.15%), oasis irrigation areas (20.77%), annual effective accumulated temperature (19%) and mature precipitation (13.27%). Xinjiang jujube was suitable to grow in the extreme minimum annual temperature which was greater than or equal to -24.65℃, annual effective accumulated temperature was greater than or equal to 35.95℃, mature precipitation was 0.54 -7.64 mm, and oasis irrigation areas could help to improve its suitability. 【Conclusion】 The potential suitable areas of jujube in Xinjiang shows accumulation around Tarim Basin, and the low temperature was the main influencing factor.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Growth, Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Muskmelon in Facilities LIU Zhigang, REN Hongsong, LI Haifeng, ZHANG Yihe, Maimaiti Aihemaiti, Huxidan Maimaiti, Nuerziyeguli Mahemuti, Amuti Kuerban, WANG Ruihua, GAN Fuhua 2020, 57(10): 1792-1801.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1488KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth, development and nutrient absorption and utilization of protected melon in the hope of providing reference for determining the best nitrogen application rate, improving the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer and reducing the application efficiency of chemical fertilizer. 【Methods】 muskmelon, a local variety in Turpan, Xinjiang, was used as the test material to analyze the effects of different nitrogen application on the growth and development of muskmelon and the nitrogen absorption and utilization under the condition of facility. 【Results】 Based on the application of a certain amount of P and K fertilizer, the growth curve of main vine and stem diameter in the growth period was "slow fast slow" three stages, and the length of main vine was in direct proportion to the amount of nitrogen application. With the increase of nitrogen application, the plant stem diameter, fruit vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and nitrogen absorption increased first and then decreased, and the optimized fertilization, compared with conventional fertilization, the nitrogen absorption rate and nitrogen utilization rate increased by 32.79% and 11.63% respectively. Excessive application of nitrogen reduced the contribution rate of nitrogen to yield, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, partial productivity of nitrogen, physiological utilization rate of nitrogen and the ratio of nitrogen production to investment. 【Conclusion】 On the basis of ensuring the yield and quality of muskmelon and on the basis of optimizing fertilization, formula fertilization was carried out according to the soil fertility to increase the application of organic fertilizer. And according to the law of fertilizer requirement for melon growth results, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied scientifically and reasonably to realize the efficient utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the application of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and reduce the production cost in Turpan, thus efficiently increasing farmers' income and providing technical guarantee.

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Study on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Cotton under Drip Irrigation with Different Fertilization Modes RUAN Shijing, LÜ Xin, LIU Yang, REN Jiangjing, WANG Yihan, YIN Caixia, MA Lulu, ZHANG Ze 2020, 57(10): 1802-1810.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1263KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the nitrogen absorption and utilization of cotton under drip irrigation with different fertilizer modes. 【Methods】 Four kinds of fertilization methods were set up in the field single-factor randomized block test method. The first type was fertilized in 1/3 time, watered in 1/3 time, fertilized in 1/3 time, and the second type was 1/2 time fertilization, 1/4 time watering, 1/4 time fertilization, 3rd type 1/4 time fertilization, 1/4 time watering, 1/2 time fertilization, 4th type 1/4 time fertilization, 1/2 time watering, 1/4 time fertilization, and they were respectively recorded as W1, W2, W3 and W4. During the whole process, the total nitrogen content of cotton and the distribution and accumulation of nitrogen in various organs under different drip irrigation conditions were studied. 【Results】 The results showed that (1) the average total nitrogen content of cotton plants under drip irrigation was W1>W2>W3>W4; (2) the total nitrogen content of cotton under different organs was expressed as leaf > flower bud > boll > stem; (3) The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer in drip irrigation cotton under different fertilizer allocation patterns were: W1>W3>W2>W4. 【Conclusion】 The best NWN mode for nitrogen absorption and utilization and yield of cotton The fertilizer distribution period is W1 (1/3 time watering, 1/3 time fertilization, 1/3 time watering).

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Effects of Different Canopy Light Quality Composition on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruitquality of Lingwu Long Jujube CHEN Lihua, SONG Lihua, GAO Lu, XIE Yun, JIANG Wenqian 2020, 57(10): 1811-1820.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (972KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to explore the effects of different canopy light quality components on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of jujuba, the main wavelengths of visible light that affect photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality were selected. 【Method】 The composition of light quality,photosyntheticcharacteristicsand fruit quality of different canopy of jujuba were determined by variance analysis and multivariate statistical analysis. 【Result】 The total absolute radiant energy of different canopy of jujube was as follows: upper layer > outer layer > middle layer > middle layer > lower layer > inner layer; the red absolute radiant energy accounted for the total of different canopy respectively from upper layer to lower layer and from inner to outer layer 29.85%, 20.19%, 35.26%, 29.90%, 17.35 and 44.05% of absolute radiation. The photosynthetic parameters of leaves were positively correlated with the absolute of blue light, negatively correlated with the absolute radiation energy of green light; the carotenoids, chlorophyll, anthocyanins and flavonoids were positively correlated with the absolute radiation energy of violet light, while the titratable acids, soluble sugars and anthocyanins were positively correlated with the absolute radiation energy of blue light, the chlorophyll was positively correlated with the absolute radiation energy of green light, and the chlorophyll and carotenoids were positively correlated with the absolute radiation energy of blue light There was a positive correlation between auxin and flavonoids and the absolute radiant energy of red light. 【Conclusion】 Increasing longer wavelength of red light can improve the quality of light. Red light is the main factor affecting the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of jujube. It is suggested to supplement 370-470 nm and 600-770 nm wavelength of light quality in production to improve leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality.

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Effects of Different Dosage of Water-Retaining Agents on the Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis of Bag-type Composite Sape Pepper CHENG Yunxia, LIU Qianjie, JIA Kai, SHI Zhenyu, WU Hui 2020, 57(10): 1821-1829.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1318KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of water-retaining agents on photosynthetic characteristics of bag-type compound sape peppers, and to evaluate the effects of different doses of water-retaining agents on photosynthetic indexes of peppers by using principal component analysis. 【Method】 In this test, Ruiba No. 5 was used as the test material, and the amount of the water-retaining agent was used as a variable. The leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were used to study the effects of different dosages of water-retaining agents on the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of bag-type compound sape peppers. 【Results】 The results showed that the addition of a water-retaining agent to the cultivation substrate helped to improve the photosynthetic characteristics of pepper leaves. The net photosynthetic rate of each treatment was a "double-peak" curve, and a "lunch break" phenomenon occurred at 14:00 In addition to the intercellular CO2 concentration, various indicators showed an increasing trend with the increase in the amount of water retaining agent. According to the principal component analysis, the photosynthetic characteristics of the B5 treatment (3 g/hole) the best. The photosynthetic rate 12.91 μmol/(m2 · s), and the stomatal conductance 0.22 μmol/(m2 · s). Intercellular CO2 was 163.82 μmol/mol, transpiration rate was 5.37 mmol/(m2 · s), and water use efficiency was 3.28 μmol/(m2 · s). 【Conclusion】 In summary, the application of 3 g/hole water-retaining agent in the cultivation medium performed the best photosynthetic indexes of pepper.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on the Growth of Processing Tomato and Nitrogen Balance in Soil JING Bo, NIU Ning, ZHANG Wenlong, DIAO Ming 2020, 57(10): 1830-1838.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different nitrogen application on growth and soil nitrogen balance of processed tomato. 【Methods】 Based on the critical nitrogen concentration model, four treatments, no nitrogen (N0), 200 kg/hm2 (N1), 300 kg/hm2 (N2) and 400 kg/hm2 (N3), were used to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth of processing tomato and the transport and balance of soil nitrogen. 【Results】 The results showed that: (1) in the seedling stage, there was no significant difference in the growth of processing tomato between the treatments; after fruit setting stage, N2 treatment could effectively promote the growth of processing tomato compared with other treatments. In 2018, the plant height of processing tomato under N2 treatment in red ripening stage was 85.5 cm, significantly higher than th of other treatments. In the same period, the stem diameter under N2 treatment was 18.40 mm, significantly higher than that under N0 treatment, but there was no significant difference with other nitrogen treatment, and the same trend was observed in 2019. (2) The soil nitrate nitrogen of each treatment mainly distributed in 20-40 cm soil layer, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in each soil layer with the increase of nitrogen application amount; in 2018, the nitrate nitrogen content of N3 treatment in seedling pulling period mainly remained in the soil layer below 40 cm, accounting for 54.72% of the total nitrate nitrogen content, and there the same trend in 2019, with a high risk of leaching; the distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen under N2 treatment relatively balanced, which effectively reduce the residual nitrogen in the soil and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen. (3) The surplus of nitrate nitrogen in the soil profile increased with the increase of nitrogen application amount; the nitrogen in N0, N1 and N2 treatment mainly brought out of the soil by the way of crop absorption, and the nitrogen in N3 treatment was mainly left in the soil; N1 treatment could reduce the residual amount of nitrogen in the soil, but also reduce the utilization rate of nitrogen. N2 treatment was conducive to improving the apparent utilization rate of nitrogen and reducing the nitrogen surface N3 treatment promoted the absorption of nitrogen, but increased the residue of nitrogen in the soil and reduced the nitrogen utilization rate. 【Conclusion】 Under the nitrogen operation plan based on the critical nitrogen concentration model of processing tomato, during the seedling stage of processing tomato, 44 kg/hm2 nitrogen reduction and fertilization can be applied according to N1 treatment in production. After the flowering stage, 234 kg/hm2 nitrogen operation plan can promote plant growth, and the nitrogen residue in soil is relatively small, which ensures high nitrogen utilization rate and economic benefit.

Plant Protection·Microbes·Agricultural Product Analysis and Detection

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Effects of Subsoiling on Root Rot Diseases and Root Zone Environment XU Gaoyu, LEI Bin, CUI Jianping, LI Jin, WANG Jiayong, LEI Lei, ER Chen, ZHANG Hao, TANG Qiuxiang, LIN Tao 2020, 57(10): 1839-1848.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1962KB) ( )   【Objective】 The main reason for the aggravation of root rot disease is to increase the pathogenic microorganism in the plough layer in the long-term continuous cropping. Deep loosening can improve the structure of the plough layer and promote the root system to root down, so as to significantly reduce the occurrence of soil borne diseases. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of mulching drip irrigation combined with deep loosening on soil environment and root rot of cotton fields in oasis. 【Method】 Three patterns of subsoiling 30, 40 and 50 cm (S30, S40, S50) were set up in Awati County of Akesu City, with traditional tillage as control (CK) to study the effects of root rot index, soil water content, root morphology, root activity and yield components on root rot. 【Result】 Compared with traditional tillage, subsoiling effectively reduced soil bulk density, increased soil water storage capacity, and increased soil storage capacity. The decrease of disease index was significantly related to the decrease of soil bulk density, the increase of soil moisture content and the increase of root activity. Among them, subsoiling decreased the incidence index of root rot by 7.0% - 26.0%, and S40 treatment was the best, the incidence index decreased by 26.0% compared with traditional tillage. With the increase of the depth of subsoiling, the soil bulk density decreased in turn, 2.4%-10% lower than that of the control. There was a linear correlation between the depth of subsoiling and the main morphological indexes and vigor of roots. Compared with the traditional cultivation, the root length increased by 4%-34.6%, the root surface area increased by 13.1%-44.8%, the root volume increased by 9.2%-40.6%, and the root activity increased by 7%-42.9%. Finally, the lint yield of S40 was 22.2%, 15.7% and 2.5% higher than those of CK, S30 and S50, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the experimental study, the deep loosening combined with film mulching drip irrigation in the cotton area of southern Xinjiang had a good effect of water storage and moisture conservation, disease control and yield increase, which was beneficial to cotton growth. Considering the control effect and operation cost, the deep loosening 40 cm treatment was suggested to be used as an ideal agricultural control measure of root rot in production.

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Discovery of the Sycamore Lace Bug Corythucha ciliate (Say) in Xinjiang ZHU Xiaofeng, Anniwaer Rouzi, SONG Bo, YANG Sen, LI Fengqi 2020, 57(10): 1849-1854.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1073KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify whether Corythucha ciliata (Say), a new invasive sycamore lace bug in China has occurred in Xinjiang, and the morphological characteristics, distribution, occurrence, damage and control techniques of C. ciliata are described, which might provide the basis for the prevention and control of this invasive pest in Xinjiang. 【Method】 Field investigation and sampling, laboratory observation and identification, reference of relevant literature. 【Result】 C. iliate occurred and caused damage in Baren Township and Pilale Township of Aketao County and Kumusilike Township of Shule County, Xinjiang, China. And the rate of infested plants was between 7.73% and 85.00%. 【Conclusion】 C. ciliate occurred and caused damage in Xinjiang, should pay more attention to the investigation and control of the pest to prevent its further spread and outbreak.

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Research the Relationship between the Epidemic of Grape Downy Mildew and Climatic Conditions in Ili Valley of Xinjiang LU Yi, NuerziyaYalimaimaiti, FU Wenjun, CHEN Rong, Wenqiemu Abulizi, CHEN Haoyu, HAO Jingzhe, WANG Huiqin 2020, 57(10): 1855-1862.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1499KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of temperature, humidity, rainfall and duration of rainfall on the occurrence and development of Grape Red Globe downy mildew in Yili River Valley of Xinjiang, and to provide the basis for reducing the application of chemical pesticides in the key period of control. 【Methods】 2012-2016, The epidemic situation of downy mildew such as the time of infecting the leaves and the degree of damage of the leaves were systematically monitored. 【Results】 The occurrence of grape downy mildew increased year by year. The incidence of downy mildew was different in different years, but the trend was the same. It began to occur in the middle and late of June. The disease index rose sharply in August, and kept stable when it reached the peak in the middle of September. There was a significant correlation between the onset of rainy season and the rainfall. 【Conclusion】 The epidemic performance index of Grape Downy Mildew in Grape Red Globe of Yili River Valley increased. According to the equation y = 73.263e0.190 9x, R2 = 0. 790,9, the forecast index of meteorological factors for the epidemic degree of grape downy mildew was determined. According to this model, the forecast results of the epidemic degree of downy mildew in the investigated vineyard from 2012 to 2016 are completely consistent with the actual situation.

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Biological Characteristics of Pathogens Causing of Two Alfalfa Leaf Spot in Xinjiang DOU Xiaoli, HU Wenjing, LIU Fan, LIN Caiying, LI Kemei 2020, 57(10): 1863-1870.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1807KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of two kinds of alfalfa leaf spot pathogens Phoma medicaginis and Stemphylium vesicarium on the mycelial growth biological characteristics of the two strains. 【Method】 Leaf spot fungus P. medicaginis (representing strain PM-1) on different medium, temperature, carbon source, and nitrogen source conditions, were cultured 7 days and 5 dayscolony and mycelium growth during culture. The diameter of colonies was measured by the cross method. Finally, the statistical analysis software SPSS 20.0 was used to analyze the differences between the treatments. 【Result】 PM-1 grow on 11 medium, 8 carbon sources and 12 nitrogen sources. The optimal medium GPA and PSA, the optimal carbon source maltose, and the optimal nitrogen source L-gluten Amine amide. There significant differences between different culture media, carbon sources, sources on the growth of colonies. The temperature that P. medicaginis grow 5℃ to 30℃, while the optimal temperature 25℃; the lethal temperature of mycelium 55℃. The complete illumination was conductive to mycelium growth. SV-1 grow on 11 media, 8 carbon sources, and 12 nitrogen sources. The optimal medium GPA, the optimal carbon source inulin, and the optimal nitrogen source L-gluten Amine amide. There significant differences between different culture media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources on the growth of colonies; The temperature that S. vesicarium grow 5℃ to 35℃, while the optimal temperature 25℃. The lethal temperature of mycelium 60℃; while significant of mycelium growth between different illumination treatments. 【Conclusion】 P. medicaginis (representing strain PM-1) optimal culture conditions were temperature 25℃, GPA or PSA medium, illumination, carbon and nitrogen sources were maltose and L-gluten Amine amidum. S. vesicarium (representing strain SV-1) optimal culture conditions were temperature 25℃, GPA medium, carbon and nitrogen were inulin and L-glutamine.

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Changes in the Number and Related indexes of Microorganism in the Composting Process of Cotton Stalk DAI Jinping, WANG Zhiwang, WANG Xiaowu, FENG Lei, CHEN Jin, XIE Yuqing, ZHANG Huitao, Guli Aihemati, YANG Xinping 2020, 57(10): 1871-1877.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1359KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the changes of related indicators and the number of microorganisms during the maturation process of cotton straw with different additive formulas. 【Method】 In this experiment, cotton stalks were used as raw materials, and different additive formulas were set up to perform cotton stalk compost composting and fermentation. The fermentation-related indicators (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations) and major microbial changes were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the trends of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the three treatments were basically the same, but the relative contents were different, and the number of microorganisms under different treatments were also different. 【Conclusion】 Treatment 3 (basic formula + 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2%) was the best. The pH value was 8.59-8.89 and EC value was about 4 ms/cm, which was more suitable for composting fermentation.

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Relationship of Soil Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Nutrients of Soil and Plant in Jujube Orchard at Different Yield Levels SONG Sansan, ZHENG Qiangqing, YAO Yongsheng, CHEN Qiling, WANG Jingjing, WANG Yuan, ZHENG Sengyu, TANG Meng, ZHI Jinhu 2020, 57(10): 1878-1891.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (2532KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the relationship between soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in jujube orchard at different yield levels and soil and plant nutrients in different periods can provide theoretical basis for soil management for high yield of jujube in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Zizyphus jujuba orchards with three different yield levels (high, middle and low) in southern Xinjiang were taken as research objects, and through field experiments, the relationship between soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content of different soil layers and plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Zaoyuan at different yield levels was studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the content of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased gradually with the increase of soil depths, but available potassium content increased. The correlation between soil (MBC) and soil (MBN) was very significant and the correlation coefficient was 0.836 7. Soil MBC content was significantly and positively correlated with the content of available potassium in the 0 - 20 cm soil layer during exhibition leaf stage of jujube. Meanwhile it was showed significant great positive correlated correlation with available potassium in 20 - 40 cm soil layer during expansion period of jujube. 【Conclusion】 At present, soil MBC, MBN and nutrient content in jujube orchard were maintained at a high level and soil and plant nutrients would have significant impacts on MBC and MBN.

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Comparative Determination of Vitamin B1 in Mosquitoes Repellent Cream by HPLC and UV ZHU Jiahang, LI Yan, ZHU Jinfang, LIANG Jiapei, Baejiang Nuhuyifu 2020, 57(10): 1892-1900.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1113KB) ( )   【Objective】 The content of vitamin B1 in mosquito repellent cream comparatively determine by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry. 【Methods】 The detection wavelength of UV spectrophotometry 246 nm, and the content of vitamin B1 calculated by the method of percentile absorption coefficient; the detection wavelength of HPLC 267 nm, chromatographic column C18. 【Results】 The results showed that the UV method good linear relationship in the 7.47~14.94 μg/ml range (r=0.999,3), RSD of precision experiment 0.30%, RSD of repetitive experiment 1.04%, the average recovery rate was 105.13%, RSD1.72%, and the sample was stabilized within 30 minutes after treatment (RSD=0.91%); the HPLC method good linear relationship in the 4.85~11.31 μg/ml range (r=0.999,9), RSD of precision experiment 0.28%, RSD of repetitive experiment 0.90%, the average recovery rate was 101.77%, RSD1.93%, and the sample was stabilized within 12 hours after treatment (RSD=0.39%). 【Conclusion】 The average contents of three batches of samples determined by HPLC method were 8.39, 8.39 and 8.45 mg/g, respectively. The average contents of the three batches of samples were 8.73, 8.70 and 8.77 mg/g. The precision and repeatability of UV and HPLC method both good, but the content and recovery of UV method were higher than of labeled amount, the accuracy of determination of UV was not as good as that of HPLC method. Furthmore, the stability of UV method was poor. Therefore, HPLC method more suitable for determining the content of vitamin B1 in mosquito repellent cream.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian·Agroecological Environment·Agricultural Economy

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Ecological Elasticity and Land Use Analysis in Arid Areas —— A Case Study LU Hang, SUN Guili, LU Haiyan, LI Lu, BAI Yichun 2020, 57(10): 1901-1911.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1414KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this project, the study area is Shanshan County, a city in the arid region, and its land use change and ecological elasticity are analyzed to put forward feasible suggestions and countermeasures for ecological construction in Shanshan County. 【Methods】 By using GIS technology and ecological elasticity, ecological elasticity, land use change and ecological effects in Shanshan County in recent 35 years were analyzed and discussed, and land cover in 2025 was simulated and predicted by Markov model. 【Results】 In Shanshan County, the degree of land cover conversion was large, and the change of land use index was obvious. Under the condition of first and second level classification and comparison, in the trend of land use dynamic index changes from 1980 to 2015, the highest dynamic index of grassland was medium coverage grassland, and the lowest was high coverage grassland. The highest dynamic index of woodland was other woodland, shrubbery and sparse woodland, followed by woodland, and the highest dynamic index of water area was lake, reservoir and pond. The comprehensive index of land use degree was 109.38, and among all land use types, only forest land area and unused land area decreased with the year, while other land types increased with the year; the ecological elasticity of each research year was 1.49, 1.51, 1.51, 1.65 and 2.34, respectively, showing an overall increasing trend. The ecological value of Shanshan County increaseD as a whole, and the change of land ecological value and the change of land use area corresponded to each other. The forecast showed that the area of cultivated land, forest land, grassland and construction land increasd slowly and continuously from 2015 to 2025, and the water area decreased slightly. 【Conclusion】 The land types in Shanshan County changed dramatically, and the land use status was not stable. The ecological elasticity and ecological value index increased as a whole, and the improvement of water area would be likely to promote the development of ecological environment in a virtuous circles.

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Selection of Salt Tolerance of 12 Forage Species in Xinjiang during Germination Period SHEN Wuyan, Tuerxunnayi Reyimu, Xueretijiang Maitinuri, DENG Tintin, HUANG Changfu, WANG Meng, MA Yili, MA Hao 2020, 57(10): 1912-1920.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1171KB) ( )   【Objective】 provide a reference for the selection of salt tolerant perennial herbs for the ecological restoration of salinized soil. 【Method】 Elymusdahuricus,Puccinelliadistans,Agropyron cristatum, Thinopyrumponticum, Gynodondactylon,Bromusinermis,Medicago sativa,Astragalusadsurgents,Onobrychisviciaefolia,Glycrrnhizauralensis,Sophoraalopecuroides,Melilotusofficinalis were treated with NaCl solution 0.0% (CK), 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% under salt stress. The daily germination number, root length and bud length of each plant were measured, and the relative germination rate, relative germination index, relative germination potential, relative injury rate and relative root bud ratio were calculated. The membership function formula was used to calculate the salt tolerance score. 【Result】 All kinds of plant seeds were inhibited by salt stress, and the inhibition of each growth index showed a downward trend with the increase of concentration. The final score of salt tolerance of 12 plants was ranked in the following order: Glycyrrhizauralensis>Thinopyrumponticum>Puccinelliadistans>Elymusdahuricus>Sophoraalopecuroides>Agropyroncristatum>Melilotusofficinalis>Medicago sativa >Onobrychisviciaefolia>Bromusinermis>Astragalusadsurgens>Cynodondactylon.. 【Conclusion】 In the second mine ecological restoration area of Danan Lake in Hami,Glycyrrhizauralensis, Thinopyrumponticum, Puccinelliadistans, Puccinelliadistans, Elymusdahuricus, and other perennial herbs be given priority.

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Analysis of Drug Resistance, Virulence Genes and Serotypes of STEC in a Large-scale Sheep Farm in Xinjiang ZHANG Ling, TONG Pan-pan, ZHANG Yi, Ma Xiao-yu, ZHANG Meng-meng, LIU Lu-yao, YAO Gang, CHEN Tong-jin-yue, SU Zhan-qiang 2020, 57(10): 1921-1930.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1398KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the drug resistance and virulence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep in Xinjing. 【Methods】 Two-month-old sheep's anal swab samples were randomly taken from a large-scale farm. After the samples were enriched in EC broth, the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli was isolated and identified by MAC plate combined with double PCR(stx1, stx2). E. coli O157: H7 was isolated and identified using SMAC plate in combination with double PCR. The susceptibility test of 9 types of 18 drugs was performed using the K-B method. Sensitivity test of 9 types of 18 drugs was conducted by K-B method, and corresponding drug resistance genes were detected by PCR. STEC virulence genes were detected by PCR and tested for "Top Six " and E. coli O157:H7 serotypes. 【Results】 Of the 21 samples, 9 of them contained STEC (42.86%), and one of them contained E. coli O157:H7. Drug susceptibility test showed that only 2 strains were resistant to cefepime and sensitive to other drugs. All isolated strains carry the stx1 virulence gene, and their virulence gene subtypes are mainly stx1a (60%) and stx1c (80%). 9 STECs are not part of the "Top Six" or O157 serotype. 【Conclusion】 From the separation of STEC in the sheep farm, STEC has a high carrying rate, mainly carrying stx1 with weak pathogenicity. The strain isolated from the farm contained the O157:H7 serotype but did not have "Top Six ". The farm's STEC is generally sensitive to current antibiotics, reflecting its good aquaculture environment and less antibiotic use.

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Effects of Fermented Feed on Production Performance, Serum Parameters and Lipid Metabolism of Jinghong Laying Hens during the Late Laying Period PENG Xiao, YAO Yingying, WANG Xiaogang, FANG Shubao, WANG Junhua, WU Yingping, Ayiduolait Tuoheti, Akida Kermahun, Merzat Mamat, LI Haiying 2020, 57(10): 1931-1939.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1103KB) ( )   【Objective】 To evaluate the effects of fermented feed on the production performance, egg quality, serum parameters and lipid metabolism of Jinghong laying hens during the late laying period. 【Method】 A total of 480, 54-weeks-old, healthy Jinghong laying hens were randomly divided into 2 groups with 4 replications and 60 laying hens per replication. The laying hens in the control group were fed the basal diet. And the trial groups were fed the same basal diet with 30 g/kg fermented feed. The pre-experimental period lasted for 10 days and the experimental period lasted for 56 days. 【Result】 The results showed that : Compared with that of the control group, (1) on the production performance the egg production rate of the trial group was significantly increased by 4.56% (P<0.05). (2) On the egg quality, the eggshell strength of the trial group was extremely significantly increased by 17.18% (P<0.01). The proportion of egg yolk was extremely significantly increased by 7.48% (P<0.01). The protein ratio was extremely significantly decreased by 3.69% (P<0.01). The cholesterol content of egg yolk was extremely significantly decreased by 24.90% (P<0.01). 3) On the serum biochemical indicators and reproductive hormones, the serum calcium content of the trial group significantly increased by 11.99% (P<0.05); Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were significantly increased by 24.55% (P<0.05) and 12.88% (P<0.05), respectively. 4) In serum and liver, the total cholesterol content was significantly decreased by 18.86% (P<0.05) and 18.54% (P<0.05), respectively. And the high-density lipoprotein was extremely significantly increased by 17.69% (P<0.01) in the liver. The other indicators were not significantly different (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the addition of 30 g/kg of fermented feed to the diet has a certain improvement effect on the production performance and egg quality of Jinghong laying hens during the late laying period.

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Pedigree Tracing and Analysis of 10,000 kg of Holstein Dairy Cow in Changji Area of Xinjiang SANG Zhagen, ZHANG Menghua, DONG Mingming, QIAO Chunhua, CHEN Jun, DENG Xiaofeng, JIANG Hui, WEI Chen, WANG Dan, XU Lei, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHAO Fanfan, ZHONG Liwei, HUANG Xixia 2020, 57(10): 1940-1947.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1259KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the relationship between high-yielding dairy cows and outstanding breeding bull. The pedigrees of high-yielding dairy cows are tracked to find out the outstanding breeding bull, which might provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent selection of frozen breeding bulls. 【Methods】 The 305-day milk yield of the lactating cows in the field which produced more than 10,000 kg of bulls and daughters were counted, and the daughter's father number was matched by the insemination record, and the bull daughter's 305-day milk yield was over 10,000 kg and the total number of daughters was ranked. The top 18 outstanding breeding bulls were asked by the Chinese Dairy Data Center to check the performance of their offspring daughters and to analyze their daughter's performance data. 【Results】 The number of milk in the 65610339 bull of the farm was more than 10,000 kg, and the proportion of all the daughters was the highest, reaching 57.14%. The selected 18 excellent bulls were queried through the Chinese Dairy Data Center. The average protein rate of the daughter of the 65382019 bulls was the highest, at 3.32%. The average milk fat of the daughter of 65382094 bulls was the highest (4.04%). The average milk yield of the daughter of the 65908265 bull had the highest milk yield of 10,644 kg in 305 days. 【Conclusion】 The pedigree of high-yielding dairy cows was traced and found to have a common bloodline, and most of them originated from the outstanding Breeding of bulls in North America. Through the measurement of the performance of the bull daughter, the excellent rate of the daughter's determination was very high, which might be seen that the rigorously selected species of bull frozen sperm was genetically more advantageous.

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Analysis of the Impact of Farmers' Livelihood Capital on the Reversal Trend of Ecological Degradation CHEN Yulan, SU Wuzheng, LUO Wanyun 2020, 57(10): 1948-1957.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.10.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1591KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of peasant household livelihood capital on the reversion of ecological degradation in Hexi desertification area. 【Methods】 Using field investigation, farmer questionnaire and literature analysis, using SLA sustainable livelihood framework to construct multi-dimensional evaluation index of farmers' livelihood in desertification area, and using factor analysis and Logistic regression model, 523 peasant household questionnaires in Hexi desertification area were analyzed to explore the influence of farmers' livelihood capital on the reversal trend of ecological degradation. 【Results】 The livelihood capital of farmers in Hexi desertification area was 2.727, including 0.358 for human capital, 0.283 for natural capital, 0.681 for material capital, 0.454 for financial capital, 0.609 for social capital and 0.350 for cultural capital respectively. From the comprehensive response score of farmers to the ecological degradation reversion trend in Hexi desertification area, the response score of pure farmers to the ecological degradation reversion was the lowest, which was -0.502, and the response score of non farmers to the ecological degradation reversion was 0.32. Meanwhile, the study found that with the increase of household incomes, the response of farmers to the reversion trend of ecological degradation showed a slow rise of linear type. Human capital, material capital and social capital had great influence and contribution on the sustainable reversion of ecological degradation. In group I and group II, for each unit of increase in human capital, the probability of turning the comprehensive response of farmers to the reversion trend of ecological degradation into sustainability increased by e3.752 = 42.61 times and e2.433 = 11.39 times respectively, the material capital increased by 8.13 times and 22.22 times respectively, and the social capital increased by 6.65 times and 1.77 times respectively. 【Conclusion】 The total livelihood capital of farmers in Hexi desertification area was low and the structure was unbalanced. The livelihood capital of pure farmers was low while non-farmers was high. With the transform of the way of livelihood from pure farmers into non farmers, the comprehensive score of the response of farmers to ecological degradation has been continually increasing, but the cognitive and behavioral response of pure farmers has not played an obvious positive role in promoting the reversion of ecological degradation in this area. The human capital, material capital and social capital in the livelihood capital of the farmers in the desertification area play an important role in reversing the trend of ecological degradation.