Abstract: 【Objective】 To lay a foundation for the prevention and control of major agricultural and animal husbandry diseases in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Ten species of actinomycetes from rhizosphere soils of Tamarix ramosissima in southern Xinjiang were selected and their antibactieral activities were studied.Species diversity of actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of Tamarix ramosissima was analyzed by 16SrDNA sequencing using four kinds of media.The antibacterial activity was screened by plate confrontation methods.The antibacterial activity was screened by plate confrontation method. 【Results】 The results showed that total 294 strains were isolated, and total 150 strains were identified, which belonged to seven classes and twelve orders, total 12 families, total 24 genera, and 9 potential new species.At the same time, the antibacterial activity was analyzed with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Erwinia amylohydrolytic, Slmonella typhoid, Candida albicans, Chain bacteria Verticilliuma dhiiae, Fusarium oxysporum as the target bacteria. 【Conclusion】 Total 68 strains of active actinmycetes were screened by antibacterial activity analysis. Isolation of actinomycetes from rhizosphere soil of Tamarix ramosissima enriched microbial resources and species reserve.