Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the genetic diversity of barley germplasm resources, improve the utilization efficiency of barley germplasm resources, and provide reference for the breeding and improvement of barley varieties in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 276 barley germplasm resources from Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan were used as materials in this study. The genetic diversity of 12 main agronomic traits (growth habit, tillering ability, spike density, awniness, lateral spikelet, spike hairs, edge type, plant height, spike length, spike number per plant, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight) and 4 quality traits (water, crude protein, crude fiber and crude starch) were analyzed and evaluated. Five quantitative characters and four quality characters, including plant height, spike length, spike number per plant, grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight, were analyzed by cluster analysis. 【Results】 The variation range of genetic diversity index of 7 quality traits was 0.39-0.79, and the highest variation range of genetic diversity index was seedling growth habit. The genetic diversity index of the five quantitative traits ranged from 1.57 to 2.03, the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.75% to 4.26%, and the variation range was quiet small. 【Conclusion】 276 Central Asian barley germplasm resources are divided into 4 groups based on quantitative and quality traits cluster analysis. After comprehensive evaluation, two excellent barley variety resources are obtained, which are as follows: 2013-7-DM073 and 2013-7-DM-105, respectively.